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Abbreviations and Acronyms
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vii
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Terminology
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viii
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Metric Units of Measurement
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viii
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1.0 Introduction
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1
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1.1 Purpose of Study
|
2
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1.2 Systems Studied
|
2
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2.0 Methodology
|
3
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2.1 Process Analysis
|
3
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2.2 Site Conditions
|
4
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2.3 Wood Analysis
|
4
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2.4 General Plant Requirements
|
5
|
|
3.0 Process Descriptions
|
5
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3.1 Description of Plant Sub-sections
|
5
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3.2 Wood Preparation and Drying
|
6
|
|
4.0 High Pressure, Air-Blown Gasification
|
7
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4.1 Gasifier Design
|
9
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4.2 Gas Clean-up
|
9
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4.2.2 High Temperature Gas Cooling
|
10
|
4.2.3 High Temperature Particulate Removal
|
10
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4.3 Char Combustion
|
10
|
|
5.0 Low Pressure Indirectly Heated Gasification -
The BCL Gasifier
|
10
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5.2 Gas Clean-up
|
13
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5.3 Fuel Gas Compression
|
14
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|
6.0 Low Pressure, Air-Blown Gasification
|
14
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6.1 Gasifier Design
|
16
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6.2 Gas Clean-up
|
17
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6.3 Fuel Gas Compression
|
17
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7.0 Combined Cycle Power Generation
|
17
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7.1 Gas Turbine
|
17
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7.2 Heat Recovery Steam Generator
|
19
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7.3 Steam Turbine System
|
19
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7.4 General Facilities
|
19
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8.0 Overall System Performance
|
20
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9.0 Economic Analysis
|
21
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9.1 Economic Analysis Methodology
|
21
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9.2 Capital Cost Estimates
|
22
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9.2.1 Wood Preparation and Drying Costs
|
23
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9.2.2 Gasification Costs
|
23
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9.2.3 Gas Clean-up Costs
|
24
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Tar cracker
|
24
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High temperature gas cooling
|
24
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High temperature particulate removal
|
24
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9.2.4 Compression Costs for Low Pressure
Gasifier Systems
|
25
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9.2.5 Char Combustor Cost for High Pressure
Gasifier System
|
25
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9.2.6 Combined Cycle Power Generation Costs
|
25
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Gas Turbine
|
25 |
Heat Recovery Steam Generator
|
25 |
Steam Turbine System
|
26 |
9.3 Total Plant Cost, Total Plant Investment,
and Total Capital Requirements
|
26
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9.4 Operation and Maintenance Costs
|
26
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9.5 Cost of Electricity
|
29
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10.0 Comparison with Previous Studies
|
29
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10.1 Discussion of Design and Cost Comparison
|
33
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10.1.1 Fuel Costs
|
33
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10.1.2 Fuel Preparation and Drying
|
33
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10.1.3 Gasification and Gas Cleaning
|
34
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10.1.4 Combined Cycle Power Generation
|
35
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10.1.5 Miscellaneous Cost Differences
Between Study
|
36
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10.1.6 Additional Factors Affecting Cost of
Electricity
|
37
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10.2 Normalized Cost of Electricity
|
38
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11.0 Analysis, Discussion, and Conclusions
|
39
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12.0 Comments on Advanced Cycles
|
40
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