Gas-Liquid Contacting at Elevated Pressures

Summary
Contents					1
Voorwoord					5
Introduction					9
Chapter 1: State of the Art 534kb					19
Abstract					20
1	Introduction				21
2	Pressure review				21
	2.1	Formation and coalescence behaviour of single bubbles			21
	2.2	Gas and liquid phase mass transfer coefficients			25
	2.3	Volumetric liquid phase mass transfer coefficients, interfacial areas and gas hold-ups			29
		2.3.1	Agitated reactors		29
		2.3.2	Bubble columns		30
3	Discussion				34
4	Conclusions				37
Notation					38
References					38
Chapter 2: Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups in a mechanically agitated gas-liquid reactor at elevated pressures from 0.1 to 1.7 MPa 628kb					41
Abstract					42
1	Introduction				43
2	Chemical method				44
	2.1	Theory			44
	2.2	Gas-liquid model system			46
3	Experimental				47
	3.1	Chemical System			47
	3.2	Experimental installation			48
		3.2.1	The reactor		48
		3.2.2	the gas system		48
		3.2.3	The liquid system		51
		3.2.4	Automation		52
	3.3	Experimental procedure			52
4	Results				53
	4.1	Visual and photographic observations			53
	4.2	Evaluation of the absorption experiments			55
		4.2.1	Driving force for mass transfer		55
		4.2.2	Absorption experiments		56
	4.3	Interfacial areas			58
	4.4	Gas hold-ups			60
5	Discussion				62
6	Conclusions and final remarks				63
Notation					64
References					65
Chapter 3: Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups in two and three phase bubble column reactors at elevated pressures from 0.1 to 1.85 MPa 673kb					69
Abstract					70
1	Introduction				71
2	Experimental				73
	2.1	Experimental method			73
	2.2	Experimental installation and procedure			75
	2.3	Liquid phase mass transfer coefficients and experimental conditions			76
3	Results				79
	3.1	Gas hold-ups in the bubble column			79
		3.1.1	Experimental results		79
		3.1.2	Comparison with literature correlations		80
		3.1.3	Influence of pressure on the flow regimes		82
	3.2	Interfacial areas in the bubble column			84
		3.2.1	Experimental results		84
		3.2.2	Underestimation of the interfacial areas		86
		3.2.3	Comparison with literature correlations		87
	3.3	Interfacial areas in the packed bubble column			89
		3.3.1	Liquid phase mass transfer coefficients		89
		3.3.2	Interfacial areas		90
4	Discussion and conclusions				93
Notation					94
References					95
Chapter 4: Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups in gas-liquid contractors at elevated pressures from 0.1 to 8.0 MPa 751kb					99
Abstract					100
1	Introduction				101
2	Experimental				102
	2.1	Experimental method			102
	2.2	Experimental installation			104
		2.2.1	The reactors		104
		2.2.2	The gas sytem		106
		2.2.3	The liquid system		108
	2.3	Experimental procedure			108
3	Results				109
	3.1	Mechanically agitated reactor			109
		3.1.1	Interfacial areas up to 1.2 MPa		109
		3.1.2	Interfacial areas up to 8.0 MPa		112
		3.1.3	Discussion of the results		114
	3.2	Bubble column			117
		3.2.1	Gas hold-ups		117
			3.2.1.1	Experimental results	117
			3.2.1.2	Comparison with literature data	119
		3.2.2	Interfacial areas		121
			3.2.2.1	Gas hold-ups in the aqueous solution of DEA with antifoam	121
			3.2.2.2	Interfacial areas in the aqueous solution of DEA with antifoam	123
			3.2.2.3	Comparison with literature data	125
4	Discussion and conclusions				125
Notation					127
References					128
Chapter 5: The use of the chemical method for the determination of interfacial areas in gas-liquid contractors 543kb					131
Abstract					132
1	Introduction				133
2	Theory				135
	2.1	Chemical Method			135
	2.2	Absorption from a single bubble			136
	2.3	Absorption from a dispersion			138
3	Model calculations				140
	3.1	The plug flow case			140
		3.1.1	Calculation backgrounds		140
		3.1.2	Calculation results		140
	3.2	The complete mixing case			141
		3.2.1	Calculation backgrounds		141
		3.2.2	Calculation results		143
	3.3	The intermediate micromixing case			145
		3.3.1	Calculation backgrounds		145
		3.3.2	Calculation results		148
4	Discussion and Conclusions				149
Notation					151
References					152
Appendix					154
Levensloop					157