Section 1

Executive Summary

1

Section 2

Introduction

15

2.1

Problem Statement

15

2.2

Project Objective

16

2.3

Test Scope

16

Section 3

Technical Discussion

17

3.1

Background

17

3.2

Materials Selection

19

3.3

Test Procedures

20

3.3.1

Long-Term Thermal Exposure Tests

20

3.3.2

C-Ring Testing

32

3.3.3

XRD Analysis

40

3.3.4

SEM/EDX Analysis

40

3.3.5

Thermal Ratcheting

41

3.3.6

Fibrosics Testing

43

3.3.6.1

Fibrosic Candle

43

3.3.6.2

Fibrosic Tubesheet

43

Section 4

Thermal/Mechanical Test Results and Analysis

49

4.1

C-Ring Testing

49

4.1.1

C-Ring Testing:  Preliminary Investigations

49

4.1.2

C-Ring Testing:  Thermal Ratcheting

62

4.1.3

C-Ring Testing:  Thermal Exposure Specimens

66

4.1.4

C-Ring Testing: KRW Candle Strength

76

4.2

SEM/EDX Analysis

76

4.3

XRD Analysis

84

4.4

Fibrosic Test Results

87

4.4.1

Fibrosic Candle Test Results

88

4.4.2

Fibrosic Tubesheet Test Results

89

Section 5

Chemical Test Results and Analysis

65

Section 6

Modeling

66

Section 7

Conclusions and Recommendations

107

7.1

Conclusions

107

7.2

Recommendations

110

References

113

Appendices

115