Abstract

vii

1.

Introduction

1-1

1.1

Cross Flow Filter Concept

1-4

1.2

Cross Flow Filter Development

1-8

1.3

References

1-17

2.

Description of Test Facilities

2-1

2.1

Texaco Process – Entrained Gasifier Pilot Plant Facility

2-1

2.2

Description of Westinghouse Hot Gas Filter System

2-5

2.2.1

Filter Unit

2-5

2.2.2

Pulse Cleaning System

2-8

2.2.3

Ash Collection

2-9

2.2.4

Instrumentation

2-9

2.2.5

Particle Sampling

2-11

3.

Test Program and Results

3-1

3.1

Filter System Commissioning Test – Cross Flow

3-1

3.2

HTHP Filtration Under Air-Blown Gasification with External Sulfur Removal Beds – Cross Flow

3-4

3.3

HTHP Filtration Under Air-Blown Gasification with Iron Oxide Desulfurization – Cross Flow

3-9

3.4

HTHP Filtration Under Air-Blown Gasification Conditions with External Calcium Carbonate Spray Desulfurization – Cross Flow

3-11

3.5

HTHP Filtration Under Oxygen-Blown Gasification Conditions with External Sulfur Removal – Cross Flow Test No. 6

3-13

3.6

HTHP Filtration Under Oxygen-Blown Gasification Conditions with External Sulfur Removal – Cross Flow Test No. 7

3-18

3.7

Oxygen-Blown Gasification Testing of a Candle Filter Cluster with External Desulfurization and Regeneration – Candle

3-18

3.8

Oxygen-Blown Gasification Testing of a Candle Filter Cluster with External Desulfurization and Regeneration Test No. 9 – Candle

3-21

3.9

Oxygen-Blown Gasification Testing of a Candle Filter Cluster with External Desulfurization and Regeneration – Test No. 10 – Candle

3-24

3.10

Oxygen-Blown Gasification Testing of a Candle Filter Cluster with External Desulfurization and Regeneration – Test No. 11 – candle

3-28

4.

Discussion of Results

4-1

4.1

Filter Performance

4-1

4.2

Characterization of Entrained Gasifier Ash

4-10

4.3

Cold Flow Modeling of Cross Flow Filter

4-18

4.4

Filter Unit Durability

4-20

4.5

Characterization of Filter Materials

4-24

4.5.1

Cross Flow Filters

4-24

4.5.2

Candle Filters

4-25

4.6

References

4-29