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Subject
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Page
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List of Targets visited and Personnel Interviewed
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iii
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Introduction
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1
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Production of Synthesis Gas
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Water-Gas Generation
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2
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Production of Cracked Coke-Oven Gas
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5
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Water-Gas Conversion
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5
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Production of Synthesis Gas Directly from Brown Coal
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9
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Lurgi Pressure Gasification
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9
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Purification of Synthesis Gas
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|
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Removal of Dust
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14
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Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide
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15
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Removal of Resin-forming compounds
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16
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Removal of Organic Sulphur Compounds
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18
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Costs
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22
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Cobalt Catalysts
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Composition
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23
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Kieselguhr
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25
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Preparation
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27
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Forming
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27
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Costs
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30
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Activity Tests
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30
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Special Catalysts for Production of Wax
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31
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Reduction and Revivification
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Reduction
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33
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Reducibility
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34
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Revivification with Hydrogen
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35
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Solvent Extraction
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36
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Catalyst Wax
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37
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Dry Regeneration
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40
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Regeneration by Oxidation
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42
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Design of Reaction Vessels
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Atmospheric Pressure Reactors
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42
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Medium Pressure Reactors, Double Tube Type
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44
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Other Medium Pressure Reactors
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46
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General
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47
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Synthesis at Atmospheric Pressure
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Comparison of Results
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48
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Composition of Synthesis Gas Required
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49
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Method of Controlling Synthesis
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50
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Essener
Steinkohle
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51
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Rheinpreussen
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55
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Ruhrchemie
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56
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Brabag
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58
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Synthesis at
Medium Pressure
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General
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59
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Hoesch-Benzin
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60
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Ruhrchemie
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68
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Schaffgotsch
Benzin
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71
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Condensation of Products
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Atmospheric Pressure
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77
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Medium Pressure
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77
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The Active Carbon Plant
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78
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Costs
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General
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80
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Essener
Steinkohle
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80
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Hoesch-Benzin
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101
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Recirculation
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General
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103
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Water-Gas Recirculation, Medium Pressure
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103
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Synthesis gas Recirculation, Medium Pressure
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107
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Synthesis gas Recirculation, Atmospheric Pressure
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108
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Synthesis with Iron Catalysts
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Catalyst Costs
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110
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Pretreatment
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112
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The Utilisation Ratio
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114
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General Synthesis Topics
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115
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The Mechanism of the Synthesis with Iron Catalysts
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116
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Catalysts for Synthesis at Higher Temperatures
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117
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Catalysts for Synthesis at Low Temperatures
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119
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Catalysts based on Lumnasse
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125
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Catalysts for Gas rich in Carbon Monoxide
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126
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The I.G. High-velocity Gas Recycle Process
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126
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Synthesis in the Liquid Phase
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129
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The Oil-Recirculation Process
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137
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Direct Synthesis of Alcohols
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138
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Synthesis at Atmospheric Pressure
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139
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Primary Products
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Diesel Oil
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141
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Kogasin as a Metal-Working Lubricant
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143
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Recovery of Fatty Acids and Alcohols
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143
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Wax
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144
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Removal of Alcohols
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148
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Refining for Lubricating Oil Synthesis
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149
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Ruhrchemie's Hot Clay Refining Process
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149
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Analysis of Products from Synthesis with Iron Catalysts
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150
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Analysis of Olefines
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151
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Lubricating Oils
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152
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The OXO Synthesis
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152
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Synthetic Fatty Acids and Detergents
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The Wax Oxidation Process
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154
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The Smell caused by Synthetic Soaps
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162
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The Iodine Number of Synthetic Fatty Acids
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165
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Diluted Soap
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165
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Synthetic Edible Fat
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166
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By Products of the Oxidation Process
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167
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Oxidation of Hard Wax
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169
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The 'O.P.' Process
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170
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Greases
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171
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Fatty Acids via the OXO synthesis
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171
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Detergents
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173
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Summarizing Flow-Sheet for the Rheinpreussen Works
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175
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