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Development and Use of the GREET Model to Estimate Fuel-Cycle Energy Use and Emissions of Various Transportation Technologies and Fuels - 1996

Wang, M. Q.

Argonne National Laboratory

Table of Contents

Section 1
1057kb		 Notation viii
Acknowledgments x
Abstract 1

1

 Introduction 1

2

 Review of Previous Fuel-Cycle Studies 3
  2.1 Deluccchi - 1991, 1993 3
2.2 National Renewable Energy Laboratory et al. - 1991, 1992 4
2.3 Bentley et al  - 1992 6
2.4 Brogran and Venkateswaran - 1992 7
2.5 Ecotraffic, AB - 1992 8
2.6 Wang and Santini - 1993 8
2.7 Darrow - 1994a, 1994b 9
2.8 Acurex - 1995 11
2.9 Summary 12
Section 2
696kb

3

 Modeling Approach 13
  3.1 Fuel Cycles and Their Stages 13
3.2 Vehicle Type 13
3.3 Calculation of Energy Use during a Fuel-Cycle Stage 13
3.4 Calculation of Emissions for Each Fuel-Cycle Stage 15

4

 Calculation of Fuel-Cycle Emissions and Energy Use 20
 

4.1

 Petroleum-Based Fuel Cycles 20
  4.1.1 Energy Efficiencies 20
4.1.2 VOC Evaporation and Fuel Spillage 20
4.1.3 Noncombustion Emissions at Refineries 21

4.2

 Natural-Gas-Based Fuel Cycles 22
  4.2.1 Energy Efficiencies 22
4.2.2 CH4 Leakage and Fuel Spillage 22
4.2.3 Noncombustion Emissions during Natural Gas Processing and Fuel Production 24

4.3

 Ethanol Production Cycles 24
Section 3
719kb		   4.3.1 Fuel and Fertilizer Use for Corn and Biomass Production 25
4.3.2 Energy Efficiencies for Other Stages 26
4.3.3 Noncombustion Emission Sources 26
4.3.4 Other Critical Assumptions 27

4.4

 Coal to Electricity 28
  4.4.1 Energy Efficiencies 28
4.4.2 Noncombustion Emissions 28
4.5 Uranium to Electricity 29
4.6 Landfill Gases to Methanol 29
  4.6.1 Energy Efficiencies 29
4.6.2 Emission Credits of Methanol Production 29

4.7

 Electricity Generation 30
  4.7.1 Combustion Technologies 30
4.7.2 Power Plant Conversion Efficiencies 30
4.7.3 Electric Generation Mixes 32

4.8

 Vehicle Operations 32
  4.8.1 Vehicle Fuel Economy and Component Efficiencies 32
4.8.2 Emissions 35
Section 4
190kb

5

 Model Layout 37
Section 5
941kb

6

 Energy Use and Emissions Results 40
Section 6
240kb

7

 References 57