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Characterization of Soluble Organics in Produced Water - January 2002

Debra T. Bostick

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

In the pdf format this document has 72 pages and is 2.20MB.

Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix
 

1

 BACKGROUND 1
 

1.1

 Analytical Approach 2

1.2

 Experimental Approach 2
 

2

 COLLECTION AND SAMPLING OF ACTUAL OIL AND PRODUCED WATER SAMPLES 4
 

2.1

 Field of DEEP1 Crude Oil Received 4

2.2

 Determination of Water Content of As-received Oil Samples 4

2.3

 Laboratory Sampling of as-Received Crude Oil 5
 

3

 EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL FOR AMBIENT-PRESSURE TESTING 5
 

4

 EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-PRESSURE TESTING 5
 

5

 SYNTHETIC GOM BRINE 6
 

5.1

 Preparation of Simulant 6

5.2

 Verification of GOM Brine Simulant Content 7
 

6

 ANALYTICAL METHODS 8
 

6.1

 Identification of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOC) in Actual Oil and Produced Water by GC/MS 8

6.2

 GC/FID Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons 10

6.3

 Infrared Analysis of Total Recoverable Petrochemical Hydrocarbons 11

6.4

 Fractionation of WSO in Simulated Produced Water 11

6.5

 Determination of pH Water Content in Crude Oil 15

6.6

 Determination of pH and Bicarbonate/Carbonate Content in Water 15

6.7

 Determination of Chloride Content in Produced Water 16

6.8

 Determination of Metal Content in Produced Water 16

6.9

 Analysis of C1-C6 Organic Acids 18
 

7

 ASSESSMENT OF DATA QUALITY 18
 

7.1

 Correspondence Between Analytical Methods for WSO Constituents 18

7.2

 Surrogate Recovery and Blank Levels for Open LC Fractionation and GC/FID Analysis 20

7.3

 Biases Associated with LC Fractionation Protocol 21

7.4

 Comparison of LC Fractionation Protocol with Infrared Spectrometric Analysis 23
 

8

 RESULTS 23
 

8.1

 Chemical Characterization of Deep-Well Crude 23

8.2

 WSO as a Function of Percent Water Cut 24

8.3

 WSO Distribution Coefficients as a Function of Percent Water Cut 24

8.4

 WSO as a Function of Salinity 25

8.5

 WSO as a Function of pH 25

8.6

 WSO as a Function of Temperature 25

8.7

 WSO as a Function of Pressure 26

8.8

 Composition of C1-C6 Organic Acids in Produced Water 26

8.9

 Presence of Inorganic Constituents in Crude and Produced Water 27
 

9

 CONCLUSIONS 29
 

10

 REFERENCES 30
 

11

 APPENDIX 50