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Determination of Solid-Liquid Equilibria Data for Mixtures of Heavy Hydrocarbons in a Light Solvent,
Final Report June 2003

F. V. Hanson
J. V. Fletcher
Karthik R.

Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering

In this pdf format, this document has 102 pages and is 1.02 MB.

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT 3
LIST OF FIGURES 6
LIST OF TABLES 7
INTRODUCTION 8
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10
COMPOSITION OF SAMPLE OILS AND MODEL OILS 11
  Sample Oils A, B, C 12
Model Oils 14
  Model Oil A 14
Model Oil B 14
Model Oil C 15
SOLID - LIQUID EQUILIBRIA MEASUREMENT 17
MEASUREMENT OF WAX PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE 17
  Summary of WPT measurement methods 17
FOURIER TRANSFORM - INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 18
  Theoretical background 18
WPT measurement 20
Identification of WPT 20
Results and Discussion 21
  Model Oil A 21
Model Oil B 25
Model Oil C 30
DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) 33
  Background 33
Experiments 33
Results and Discussion 34
  Model Oil C 34
Model Oil A 36
Model Oil B 36
MEASUREMENT OF WEIGHT PERCENT SOLID BELOW THE WPT 40
  FT-IR Spectroscopic Method - Background 40
Calculations 42
Results and Discussion 43
  Model Oils A, B, and C 43
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING 47
  Theoretical Background 47
Model Description 49
Results and Discussion 50
CONCLUSIONS 54
REFERENCES 56
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 59
APPENDIX A - SAMPLE OIL AND MODEL OIL COMPOSITION DATA 60
APPENDIX B - FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY OF CRUDE OILS/MODEL OILS 63
APPENDIX C - DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) OF CRUDE OIL SOLIDS/MODEL OILS 86
 
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Carbon Number of the n-Paraffins in the Sample versus their Weight % in the Sample for (a) Sample Oil A (b) Sample Oil B and (c) Sample Oil C 13
Figure 2. Model Oil B - Carbon Number of the n-Paraffins in the Sample versus their Weight % in the Sample 15
Figure 3 Model Oil C - Carbon Number of the n-Paraffins in the Sample versus their Weight % in the Sample 16
Figure 4 Model Oil A, Spectra at 720 cm-1 for Various Temperatures 23
Figure 5 Model Oil A, Test Run 4, Peak Area (735-715 cm-1) versus Temperature 24
Figure 6 Model Oil B, Spectra at 720 cm-1 for Various Temperatures 27
Figure 7 Model Oil B, Test Run 4, Peak Area (735-715 cm-1) versus Temperature 28
Figure 8 Model Oil B, Test Run 4, Peak Area (735-715 cm-1) versus the Temperature Region Close to the Change in Slope of the Absorbance 29
Figure 9 Model Oil C, Spectra at 720 cm-1 for Various Temperatures 31
Figure 10 Model Oil C, Test Run 2, Peak Area (735-715 cm-1) versus Temperature; WPT = 20.6°C 32
Figure 11 DSC Thermogram of Model Oil C with a Cooling Rate of 5°C/min 35
Figure 12 Model Oil A, Thermogram with Cooling Rate of 1°C/min 38
Figure 13 Model Oil B, DSC Thermogram with a Cooling Rate of 1°C/min 39
Figure 14 Model Oil A, Test run 5, Peak Area (735-715 cm-1) versus Temperature 43
Figure 15 Model Oil A, Test run 5, Weight % Solid versus Temperature 45
Figure 16 Model Oil B, Test run 4, Weight % Solid versus Temperature 46
Figure 17 Model Oil A, Comparison of Weight % Solids below the WPT from Different Experimental Runs and Modeling 52
Figure 18 Model Oil B, Comparison of Weight % Solids below the WPT from Different Experimental Runs and Modeling 53
 
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Purity of the n-alkanes 11
Table 2 WPT data obtained by FT-IR experiments for Model Oil A 25
Table 3 WPT data obtained by FT-IR experiments for Model Oil B 29
Table 4 WPT data obtained by FT-IR experiments for Model Oil C 30
Table 5 WPT data obtained by DSC experiments for Model Oil C 34
Table 6 Comparison of WPT's for various Model Oils from different methods 50