Removal of Trace Contaminants from Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas

Abstract					ii
Acronyms and Definitions					iv
Executive Summary					1
A	Introduction				3
B	Results and Discussion				5
	1	Evaluation of Various Classes of Syngas Contaminants as Methanol Catalyst Poisons			5
		1.1	General Procedures for Syngas Contaminant Evaluation		5
		1.2	Arsenic-Containing Contaminants		6
		1.3	Phosphorus-Containing Contaminants		9
		1.4	Sulfur-Containing Contaminants		10
		1.5	Nitrogen-Containing Contaminants		13
		1.6	Halide-Containing Contaminants		15
		1.7	Volatile Metal Carbonyls		17
		1.8	Evaluation of "Self-Poisoning"		20
		1.9	Poison Comparison		20
	2	Adsorbents for the Removal of Catalyst Poisons from Syngas			23
		2.1	Adsorbent Screening		23
		2.2	Evaluation of Copper-Impregnated Carbon (CuO/C) Adsorbent		27
		2.3	Evaluation of Cu/C for Other Syngas Contaminants		34
		2.4	Alternate Adsorbents		36
	3	Analytical Results from Kingsport Samples			39
		3.1	Kingsport Catalyst Campaign 1		40
		3.2	Kingsport Catalyst Campaign 2		40
			3.2.a	Catalyst Analysis	41
			3.2.b	Mineral Oil Analysis	49
		3.3	Kingsport Catalyst Campaign 3		51
		3.4	Kingsport Catalyst Campaign 4		55
	4	LPMEOH~ Demonstration Unit Contaminant Removal Configurations and Trials			55
		4.1	Impurity Removal Upstream of the LPMEOH^TM Demonstration Unit		55
		4.2	LPMEOH~ Demonstration Unit Catalyst Guard Bed (29C-40) Configuration		56
		4.3	Catalyst Guard Bed Adsorbent Trial		59
		4.4	Catalyst Guard Bed Analysis		59
	5	Effect of Trace Contaminants on Catalyst Life in the LPMEOH~ Demonstration Unit			65
		5.1	Overview of Trace Contaminant Issues at the LPMEOH~ Demonstration Unit		65
		5.2	Catalyst Performance: Catalyst Campaign 1		66
		5.3	Catalyst Performance: Catalyst Campaign 2		67
		5.4	Catalyst Performance: Catalyst Campaign 3		70
		5.5	Catalyst Performance: Catalyst Campaign 4		71
C	Conclusions				72
D	References				76

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A		Experimental Techniques			77