Mass Transfer in Three-Phase Slurry Reactors

Section 1 559kb	Chapter 1 Introduction				1
		1.1	Gas-liquid-solid reaction systems		1
		1.2	Reactors containing gas-liquid-solid systems		1
		1.3	Slurry reactor		2
		1.4	Outline of the work to be presented		4
	Chapter 2 Hydrodynamic behavior of a bubble column and a slurry column				6
		2.1	Introduction		6
		2.2	Physical quantities influencing mass transfer		7
			2.2.1	Average gas holdup	7
			2.2.2	Gas-holdup distribution	8
			2.2.3	Solid particle distribution	11
			2.2.4	Axial liquid-phase velocity distribution	12
			2.2.5	Sauter mean gas bubble diameter	15
			2.2.6	Specific interfacial area	18
			2.2.7	Dynamic gas disengagement	18
Section 2 548kb		2.3	Equipment		22
		2.4	Physical properties		23
		2.5	Results		23
			2.5.1	Average gas holdup	23
			2.5.2	Gas-holdup distribution	29
			2.5.3	Local solids concentration	33
			2.5.4	Axial liquid-phase velocity distribution	34
			5.5.5	Sauter mean gas bubble diameter	36
			2.5.6	Specific intergacial area	38
			2.5.7	Dynamic gas disengagement	39
		2.6	Summary and conclusions		48
Section 3 656kb	Chapter 3 Measurement of the Henry number				50
		3.1	Introduction		50
		3.2	Theory		50
		3.3	Equipment		51
		3.4	Procedure		51
		3.5	Results		55
			3.5.1	Water	55
			3.5.2	Aqueous hydroxylamine solution	56
			3.5.3	Aqueous solution of 3-pentanone	57
		3.6	Conclusions		57
		3.7	Discussion		57
	Chapter 4 Measurement of diffusion coefficients				60
		4.1	Introduction		60
		4.2	Theory		61
		4.3	Equipment		64
		4.4	Procedure		66
		4.5	Precautions		66
		4.6	Absorption of hydrogen in liquids		68
			4.6.1	Water	68
			4.6.2	Aqueous hydroxylamine solution	70
			4.6.3	Aqueous solution of 3-pentanone	70
			4.6.4	1-Propanol	71
			4.6.5	n-Heptane	71
			4.6.6	Aqueous polyacrylamide solution	72
		4.7	Absorption of helium in water		75
		4.8	Predicting equations		76
Section 4 394kb			4.8.1	Hydrogen in water	77
			4.8.2	Hydrogen in 1-propanol	78
			4.8.3	Hydrogen in n-heptane	78
			4.8.4	Hydrogen in an aqueous polyacrylamide solution	79
			4.8.5	Helium in water	80
		4.9	Accuracy		81
		4.10	Conclusions		81
		4.11	Further research		82
	Chapter 5 Models for mass transfer in slurry reactors				83
		5.1	Introduction		83
		5.2	Catalyst particles in the bulk of the liquid only		83
			5.2.1	Reaction of zero order in the gas component A	84
			5.2.2	Reaction of first order in the gas component A	86
		5.3	Catalyst particles in the liquid film only		89
			5.3.1	Reaction of zero order in the gas component A	89
			5.3.2	Reaction of first order in the gas component A	91
		5.4	Catalyst particles homogeneously distributed in the liquid		92
			5.4.1	Reaction of zero order in the gas component A	92
			5.4.2	Reaction of first order in the gas component A	96
Section 5 563kb		5.5	Comparison between models for heterogeneous and homogeneous systems		98
		5.6	Summary		98
	Chapter 6 Gas absorption experiments with a three-phase reaction system				101
		6.1	Introduction		101
		6.2	Equipment		101
		6.3	Measurement of mass transfer coefficient		101
			6.3.1	Procedure	101
			6.3.2	Calculation of mass transfer coefficient	103
		6.4	Measurement of gas absorption rates with chemical reaction		103
			6.4.1	Procedure	103
			6.4.2	Calculation of mass transfer coefficient	104
		6.5	Experimental results		104
			6.5.1	Hydrogenation of hydroxylamine in water	104
			6.5.2	Hydrogenation of 3-pentanone in water	108
			6.5.3	Hydrogenation of styrenen in n-heptane	111
		6.6	Conclusions		115
	Chapter 7 Design of slurry reactors				116
		7.1	Physical quantities and relations		116
		7.2	Influence of gas holdup and particle size on mass transfer rate		118
		7.3	Summary and conclusions		122
Section 6 502kb	List of symbols				123
	References				134
	Samenvatting				137
	Summary				139
	Dankwoord				141
	Curriculum Vitae				142