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Cold-Flow-Model Study of Reactor Fluid Dynamics, Task III - 1982

Hydrocarbon Research, Inc.

In the pdf format this document has 82 pages
1-19 252kb 40-59 293kb
20-39 296kb 60-82 350kb

Table of Contents

Section I
  Program Summary, Achievements, Conclusions 1
Summary 2
Program Achievements and Conclusions 3
  Extrudate Catalyst Study 3
Spherical Catalyst Study 3
Plenum Studies 4
Section II
  Objectives and Scope of Work - Phase III 6
Task III - Cold-Flow Model Study of Reactor Fluid Dynamics 7
Program Objectives 7
Scope of Work 7
Section III
  6"-Diameter Column Ebullation Studies 10
Gas-Liquid Study 10
Extrudate Catalyst Study 14
  Bed Expansion 14
Effect of Liquid/Gas Velocities on Bed Expansion 14
Effect of Solids on Bed Expansion 14
Effect of Liquid Viscosity on Bed Expansion 15
Gas Holdup 15
Fines Segregation 16
Catalyst Carryover 16
Spherical Catalyst Study 29
  Bed Expansion 29
Catalyst Carryover 30
Bed Stratification 30
Catalyst Suitability for H-Coal Application 30
5' - Diameter Vessel Plenum Studies 35
Original Plenum Study 35
Sight Glass Observations 35
Gas Holdup Measurements Confirmed Flow Maldistribution with OriginalPlenum Design 37
Second Plenum Study 47
New Plenum Design Improved Flow Distribution 48
Section IV
  Model Development 52
Development of Bed-Expansion Correlation 53
Development of Improved Inlet Distribution System 59
Background 59
Modified Inlet Design 60
Appendix A
  Calculation Procedures 64
Catalyst Bed Expansion 65
Volumetric Holdups 65
Weight Percent Fines Measurement 67
Particle Size Analyzer 68
Appendix B
  Unit Descriptions 69
Ebullated Catalyst Bed 70
Six-Inch Unit (176) 71
Five Foot Unit (Unit 216) 72

List of Figures

1 Gas Holdup in Bubble Column 13
2 Effect of Fines Concentration on Bed Expansion 25
3 Effect of Liquid Viscosity on Bed Expansion 26
4 Gas Holdup in Kerosene-Nitrogen Catalyst System 27
5 Gas Holdup in Kerosene-Nitrogen-Catalyst 15% Fines System 28
6 Ebullation of Narrow Size Range Spherical Catalyst 33
7 Ebullation of Wide-Size Range Spherical Catalyst 34
8 Liquid Level Wave Frequency in Kerosene-Nitrogen System 40
9 Liquid Level in Kerosene-Nitrogen System 41
10 Liquid Level Wave Frequency in Kerosene-Nitrogen-Catalyst System 42
11 Liquid Level in Kerosene-Nitrogen-Catalyst System 43
12 Pressure Drop in Kerosene-Nitrogen System 44
13 Gas Holdup With Original Plenum Design 45
14 Pressure Drops in Kerosene-Nitrogen-Catalyst System 46
15 Pressure Drops in Kerosene-Nitrogen System (New Baffle) 50
16 Gas Holdup with Modified Plenum Design 51
17 Comparison of Predicted and Experimental Bed Expansions 58
18 Improved Inlet Plenum with New Difuser Pilot Plant Reactor 62
19 Modified Plenum Inlet Design 63
B-1 176 Unit Schematic Diagram 73
B-2 176 Unit Recycle Cup 74
B-3 176 Unit Bubble Cap 75
B-4 Cold Flow Model of Unit 216 76

List of Tables

1 Gas Holdup In Bubble Column 12
2 System Characteristics 18
3 Bed Expansion Data For Kerosene/Nitrogen System 19
4 For Kerosene/Fines/Nitrogen System 20
5 For Circosol 304/Nitrogen System 21
6 For Circosol 306/Nitrogen System 22
7 Particle Size Distribution 23
8 Catalyst Carryover Into Recycle Cup at Spouting Condition 24
9 Alumina Bead Physical Properties 31
10 Stratification of the Wide-Distribution Catalyst During Ebullation 32
11 Gas Holdup Original Plenum Design 39
12 Gas Holdup Modified Plenum Design 49
13 Bed Expansion Data From PDU-10 57