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Evaluation of Pollution Control in Fossil Fuel Conversion Processes.
Analytical Test Plan - 1975

Jahnig, C. E.

EXXON Research and Engineering Co.

Part 1 (1 - 94, 3.32MB)
Part 2 (95 - 189, 3.12MB)

Table of Contents 

Summary

xi

Introduction

xiii

1

General Philosophy and Approach 1
 

1.1

Goals of an Analytical Test Plan 1

1.2

Specific Approach 3

1.3

Operating Conditions and Flow Rates 4

1.4

Determination of Effect on Environmental Factors of Altered Operating Conditions 5

2

Coal Gasification

6
 

2.1

System Basis 6

2.2

Process Basis 6

3

Gasification Process Description 11
 

3.1

Qualifications 11

3.2

Coal Preparation 13

3.3

Oxygen Production 16

3.4

Coal Gasification and Gas Liquor Separation 19

3.5

Shift Conversion 22

3.6

Gas Cooling 25

3.7

Gas Purification 28

3.8

Methane Synthesis 31

3.9

Product Gas Compression and Dehydration 34

3.10

Sulfur Recovery 37

3.11

Gas Liquor Treatment 40

3.12

Fuel Gas Production and Cooling 44

3.13

Fuel Gas Treating 47

3.14

Steam and Power Generation 50

3.15

Raw Water Treating 53

3.16

Cooling Water System 56

3.17

Ash Disposal 59

3.18

Process Analytical Summary 62

3.19

Unit Material Balances 70
 

3.19.1

Coal Preparation 70

3.19.2

Gas Cooling 70

3.19.3

Gas Purification 70

3.19.4

Sulfur Recovery 70

3.19.5

Fuel Gas Treating 70

3.19.6

Cooling Water System 71

3.19.7

Ash Disposal 71

3.19.8

Special Unit Material Balances 71

4

Coal Liquefaction 72
 

4.1

System Basis 72

4.2

Process Basis 73

4.3

Coal Preparation 76

4.4

Drying and Stage 1 Pyrolysis 79

4.5

Stages 2, 3, 4 Pyrolysis 79

4.6

Product Recovery 85

4.7

Oil Filtration 88

4.8

Hydrotreating 91

4.9

Oxygen Plant 95

4.10

Gas Purification 98

4.11

Hydrogen Plant 101

4.12

Sulfur Recovery 104

4.13

Power and Steam Generation 107

4.14

Water Treatment 110

4.15

Cooling Water 114

4.16

Process Analytical Summary 117

4.17

Unit Material Balances 122

5

Typical Available Stream Analyses and Standards 123

6

Bibliography (Section 1 through 5) 130

7

Analytical Considerations 134
 

7.1

Introduction 134

7.2

Analysis of Metals 138

7.3

Alternative Analytical Techniques 139

7.4

Results Analysis 139

8

Analysis of Aqueous Samples 141
 

8.1

Introduction 141

8.2

Sampling 141

8.3

Preservation of Samples 141

9

Coal and Coal Related Solid Analysis 150
 

9.1

Introduction 150

9.2

Sampling 150

9.3

Preservation 150

10

Analysis of Coal Liquids 153
 

10.1

Introduction 153

10.2

Sampling 154

10.3

Preservation 154

11

Analysis of Atmospheric and Gaseous Samples 157
 

11.1

Introduction 157

11.2

Particulates 157

11.3

Gases and Vapors 158

11.4

Direct Reading Colorimetric Indicator Tubes 160

12

Sample Format for Stream Sampling and Analysis 166

13

Bibliography (Section 7 through 12) 169