Evaluation of Pollution Control in Fossil Fuel Conversion Processes. Analytical Test Plan

Evaluation of Pollution Control in Fossil Fuel Conversion Processes.
Analytical Test Plan - 1975

Summary				xi
Introduction				xiii
1	General Philosophy and Approach			1
	1.1	Goals of an Analytical Test Plan		1
	1.2	Specific Approach		3
	1.3	Operating Conditions and Flow Rates		4
	1.4	Determination of Effect on Environmental Factors of Altered Operating Conditions		5
2	Coal Gasification			6
	2.1	System Basis		6
	2.2	Process Basis		6
3	Gasification Process Description			11
	3.1	Qualifications		11
	3.2	Coal Preparation		13
	3.3	Oxygen Production		16
	3.4	Coal Gasification and Gas Liquor Separation		19
	3.5	Shift Conversion		22
	3.6	Gas Cooling		25
	3.7	Gas Purification		28
	3.8	Methane Synthesis		31
	3.9	Product Gas Compression and Dehydration		34
	3.10	Sulfur Recovery		37
	3.11	Gas Liquor Treatment		40
	3.12	Fuel Gas Production and Cooling		44
	3.13	Fuel Gas Treating		47
	3.14	Steam and Power Generation		50
	3.15	Raw Water Treating		53
	3.16	Cooling Water System		56
	3.17	Ash Disposal		59
	3.18	Process Analytical Summary		62
	3.19	Unit Material Balances		70
		3.19.1	Coal Preparation	70
		3.19.2	Gas Cooling	70
		3.19.3	Gas Purification	70
		3.19.4	Sulfur Recovery	70
		3.19.5	Fuel Gas Treating	70
		3.19.6	Cooling Water System	71
		3.19.7	Ash Disposal	71
		3.19.8	Special Unit Material Balances	71
4	Coal Liquefaction			72
	4.1	System Basis		72
	4.2	Process Basis		73
	4.3	Coal Preparation		76
	4.4	Drying and Stage 1 Pyrolysis		79
	4.5	Stages 2, 3, 4 Pyrolysis		79
	4.6	Product Recovery		85
	4.7	Oil Filtration		88
	4.8	Hydrotreating		91
	4.9	Oxygen Plant		95
	4.10	Gas Purification		98
	4.11	Hydrogen Plant		101
	4.12	Sulfur Recovery		104
	4.13	Power and Steam Generation		107
	4.14	Water Treatment		110
	4.15	Cooling Water		114
	4.16	Process Analytical Summary		117
	4.17	Unit Material Balances		122
5	Typical Available Stream Analyses and Standards			123
6	Bibliography (Section 1 through 5)			130
7	Analytical Considerations			134
	7.1	Introduction		134
	7.2	Analysis of Metals		138
	7.3	Alternative Analytical Techniques		139
	7.4	Results Analysis		139
8	Analysis of Aqueous Samples			141
	8.1	Introduction		141
	8.2	Sampling		141
	8.3	Preservation of Samples		141
9	Coal and Coal Related Solid Analysis			150
	9.1	Introduction		150
	9.2	Sampling		150
	9.3	Preservation		150
10	Analysis of Coal Liquids			153
	10.1	Introduction		153
	10.2	Sampling		154
	10.3	Preservation		154
11	Analysis of Atmospheric and Gaseous Samples			157
	11.1	Introduction		157
	11.2	Particulates		157
	11.3	Gases and Vapors		158
	11.4	Direct Reading Colorimetric Indicator Tubes		160
12	Sample Format for Stream Sampling and Analysis			166
13	Bibliography (Section 7 through 12)			169