Coal Conversion Processes. Final Report, September 13-August 31, 1984

Section 1 574kb	I	Abstract				v
	II	Introduction				1
	III	Thermal Behavior of Slurry Reactors Used for Indirect Coal Liquefaction (Task 1)				3
		1	Description of Experimental Reactor			3
			Process			5
			Date Acquisition and Control			6
			Adiabaticity of the Reactor			8
		2	Experimental Procedure			9
		3	Results Using Iron Catalyst			11
		4	Results Using Ruthenium Catalysts			11
			Effect of Stirrer Speed			14
			Effect of Gas Space Velocity			14
			Effect of Feed Composition			15
			Effect of Pressure			15
		5	Discussion			16
		6	Process Implications			17
		7	Conclusions			18
		8	Nomenclature			19
		9	References			20
Section 2 313kb		10	Tables and Figures			22
Section 3 400kb	IV	Use of Chromatographic Techniques to Explore Absorbers for SO₂ and NO_X (Task 2)				47
		1.0	Introduction			47
			1.1	Acid Gases as Air Pollutants		47
			1.2	Removal by Solvent Adsorption		48
			1.3	Facilitated Transport Through Liquid Membrane		51
		2.0	Literature Review			53
			2.1	Regenerable Systems of Solvents Absorption		53
				2.1.1	Chemical Absorption	53
				2.1.2	Physical Adsorption	55
				2.1.3	Determination of Activity Coefficient at Infinite Dilution from Gas-Liquid Chromatography	56
			2.2	Progress of Liquid Membrane Technology		57
		3.0	Experimental Apparatus and Procedure			60
			3.1	Gas-Liquid Chromatography Apparatus		60
			3.2	Experimental Procedure		60
			3.3	Making Liquid Surfactant Membranes		63
			3.4	Immobilized Liquid Membrane Apparatus		65
			3.5	Experiment Procedure for NO Diffusion		69
Section 4 337kb		4.0	Results and Discussion			70
			4.1	Nitrogen Dioxide and Methanol System		70
			4.2	Equilibrium Within the Column		70
			4.3	Physical and Chemical Absorption		72
			4.4	Chromatography Results		73
			4.5	Uncertainty Analysis		93
Section 5 309kb			4.6	The Binary Interactions in Wilson's Equation		101
			4.7	Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data		101
			4.8	The Diffusion of NO		104
		5.0	Conclusion			109
		6.0	Recommendation			111
			6.1	Gas-Liquid Chromatography		111
			6.2	Liquid Membrane Apparatus		111
		Appendix A				114
			A.1	Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution from Gas-Liquid Chromatography Measurements		114
			A.2	Henry's Law Constant from Gas-Liquid Chromatography Measurements		121
			A.3	Net Retention Volume and Specific Retention Volume		122
Section 6 404kb		Appendix B				126
			B.1	The Single-Parameter Wilson Equation		126
		Appendix C				132
			C.1	Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Program		132
		Appendix D				135
			D.1	Sample Operating Data		135
		Appendix E				153
			E.1	Antoine Equation's Constants		153
		Bibliography				154
		Nomenclature				159
Section 7 506kb	V	Support and Promoter Effects on Composite CO/H₂ Conversion Catalysts (Task 3)				162
		1.0	Introduction			162
		2.0	Information from Isotopic Transients			164
			2.1	General Consideration		164
			2.2	Definitions		166
				2.2.1	The Reaction Rate	166
				2.2.2	Isotopic Species of C_K	168
				2.2.3	The Rate of Species i from Pool C_K	169
				2.2.4	Transient Response of Species i	170
				2.2.5	Transient Response of ¹³C and ¹²C in the Outlet from a Pool	170
			2.3	Assumptions		172
			2.4	The Transient Response of Species i		174
			2.5	Analysis of Pool C₂		179
			2.6	Analysis of Pool C₃		191
Section 8 364kb			2.7	A Way to Estimate the Parameters		202
			2.8	Summary		207
		3.0	Experimental			208
			3.1	Preparation of the Catalysts		208
			3.2	Equipment and Experimental Procedure		209
			3.3	The Choice of MS Peaks		209
			3.4	Conditions		213
		4.0	Results			214
Section 9 490kb		5.0	Discussion			231
			5.1	Estimation of the Coverage		231
			5.2	Comparison Between Experimental Data and the Model		234
		6.0	Summary			241
		Appendix A. (IN) Forms in Eq. 2-22				242
		Appendix B. The Transient Response from the CSTR Model				243
		Appendix C. Computer Simulation Program				250
		Appendix D. Area vs Lifetime Plots				255
		References				274
Section 10 410kb	VI	Extraction and Conversion of Coal and Oil Shale Using Supercritical Fluids (Task 4)				276
			Background			276
			Progress			276
			Model for Coal Liquefaction with a Supercritical Fluid Which Does Not React with Coal			282
			Experimental Observation Made			282
			References			285
			Tables and Figures			286
	VII	Distribution				303