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Return to DOE Reports Table of Contents A-H
Energy Inputs and Outputs
of Fuel-Alcohol Production.
Battelle-Columbus
Laboratories
Part 1, Report and Appendices A - B Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Ethanol from Grain 5 2.1 Grain 6 2.2 Ethanol Production 8 2.2.1 Dry Milling 8 2.2.2 Wet Milling 9 2.2.3 Energy Requirements and By-Product Energy Credits 10 2.3 Results 12 3 Methanol from Cellulose 21 3.1 Forest Residues 22 3.2 Silvicultural Biomass Farms 25 3.3 Agricultural Residues 26 3.4 Methanol Production 29 3.5 Results 31 4 Methanol from Coal 42 4.1 Energy Requirements 43 4.2 Coal Resources 44 4.3 Coal Transport 46 4.4 Methanol Production 46 4.4.1 Selection of Technology 47 4.4.2 Energy Consumption 48 4.5 Results 49 5 Summary and Conclusions 58 Bibliography 63 Appendices A B Agricultural Crop Resources 1 A.1 Energy Presently Used in Grain Production 1 A.2 Energy Requirements for Increased Grain Production 23 A.3 The Potential for Obtaining Ethanol from Increased grain production 29 A.4 Energy Requirements for Grain Production – Summary 32 Ethanol from Grain 39 B.1 Dry Milling 39 B.1.1 Process Selection 39 B.1.2 Process Description 40 B.1.3 Process Chemistry 44 B.1.4 Energy and Materials Consumption 45 B.2 Wet Milling 48 B.2.1 Process Description 48 B.2.2 Energy and Materials Consumption 51 B.3 Byproduct Energy Credits 52 B.4 Discussion and Sensitivity Analysis 54 B.5 Potential for Reduced Energy Consumption 59 Bibliography 62 C Forrest Residues 1 C.1 Selection of Harvest Systems 1 C.2 Selection of Sites 2 C.3 Energy Consumption Estimates 3 C.3.1 Literature Review 3 C.3.2 Elements of the Net Energy Balance 4 C.3.3 Assumptions 6 C.3.4 Energy Input Estimates 7 C.3.5 Possibilities for Reduced Energy Consumption 14 C.4 Potential Availability of Residues 15 D. Silvicultural Biomass Farms 18 D.1 Selection of Species 20 D.2 Site Selection 23 D.3 Selection of a Management System 23 D.4 Energy Consumption Estimates 31 D.4.1 Literature Review 33 D.4.2 Energy Input Estimates 33 D.4.3 Possibilities for Reduced Energy Consumption 43 D.5 Potential Silvicultural Biomass Farm Resources available 43 E. Agricultural Residues 49 E.1 Selection of Species 51 E.2 Selection of Sites 52 E.3 Energy Consumption Estimates 52 E.3.1 Literature Review 52 E.3.2 Assumption 54 E.3.3 Energy Input Estimates 55 E.3.4 Possibilities for Reduced Energy Consumption 77 E.4 Potential Availability of Residues 77 F. Methanol from Cellulosic Feedstocks 81 F.1 Selection of Technology 81 F.2 Process Description 81 F.3 Process Chemistry 84 F.4 Energy Consumption Estimates 85 F.5 Sensitivity Analyses 86 Bibliography 90 G Coal 1 G.1 Mine Location 2 G.2 Mining Technology 8 G.3 Energy Consumed in Mining 10 G.3.1 National Average Energy Consumption 11 G.3.2 Energy Consumed by Specific Mines 11 G.4 Coal Transport 31 G.5 Potential Availability of Coal 32 H Methanol from Coal 36 H.1 Selection of Technology 36 H.2 Process Description 39 H.3 Process Chemistry 42 H.4 Energy and Materials Consumption 44 H.5 Sensitivity Analysis 46 H.6 Potential for Reduced Energy Consumption 51 Bibliography 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||