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Advanced Power Plant Development and Analyses Methodologies.
Semi-Annual Report - August 1, 2005 to January 31, 2006.

Samuelson, Dr. G. S.
Rao, Dr. A. D.

University of California

In this pdf format, this document has 183 pages and is 1.50 MB.

 

Table of Contents

List of Tables

7

List of Illustrations

9

Introduction

10

1.

Results and Discussion – Phase 1

12

1.1

Sub-System Selection

12

1.2

Screening Analysis

14

1.2.1

Natural Gas Cases

15

1.2.2

Coal Based Cases

15

1.3

Detailed Analysis

15

1.3.1

Design Basis

16

1.3.2

Natural Gas Based SOFC / HAT Hybrid

16

1.3.2.1

Process Description

16

1.3.2.2

Performance Estimates

17

1.3.3.

Coal Based Advanced Transport Reactor (ATR) Gasification SOFC Hybrid

18

1.3.3.1

Process Description

18

1.3.3.2

Performance Estimates

20

1.3.3.3

Cost Estimates

20

1.3.4

Coal Based “Zero Emission” Plant with Vision 21 Technology

21

1.3.4.1

Process Description

21

1.3.4.2

Performance Estimates

23

1.3.5

Coal Based H2 Coproduction with CO2 Capture

23

1.3.5.1

Process Description

23

1.3.5.2

Performance Estimates

26

1.3.6

 Nontechnical Issues

61

1.3.6.1

The Role of Trading Groups

63

2.

Results and Discussion – Phase 2

65

2.1

Task 1 – Efficient Recovery of CO2 in Current State-of-the-art Plants

65

2.1.1

Gasifier

65

2.1.1.1

GE Gasifier versus Shell Gasifier

65

2.1.1.2

GE Gasifier versus E-Gas Gasifier

65

2.1.2

Power Block and Heat Recovery

68

2.1.2.1

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

68

2.1.2.2

Gas Turbines

68

2.1.2.3

Air Separation Unit

70

2.1.2.4

Slurry Options

72

2.1.2.5

NOx Emission Control

73

2.1.2.6

Acid Gas Removal

73

2.1.2.7

Metal Carbonyls

74

2.1.2.8

Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Selenium

75

2.1.3

Coal Based Near Zero Emission / H2 Coproduction Plant with Selexol™.

75

2.1.3.1

Process Description and Flow Diagrams

75

2.1.3.2

Performance Estimates

86

2.1.3.3

Cost Estimates

86

2.1.4

Coal Based Near Zero Emission / H2 Coproduction Plant with CO2LD Sep(SM)

86

2.1.4.1

Process Description and Flow Diagrams

86

 

 

2.1.4.2

Performance Estimates

87

2.1.4.3

Cost Estimates

88

2.2

Task 2 – Efficient Recovery of CO2 in Intermediate Level Technology

88

2.2.1

Process Description and Flow Diagram

88

2.2.2

Performance Estimates

90

2.2.3

Cost Estimates

90

2.3

Task 3 – Efficient Recovery of CO2 In Advanced Technology Plant

91

2.3.1

Process Description and Flow Diagram

91

2.3.2

Performance Estimates

93

2.3.3

Cost Estimates

93

3.

Results and Discussion – Phase 3

117

3.1

Task 1 – Advanced Turbine and Turbine Systems Assessment

117

3.1.1

Gas Turbine Technology

117

3.1.1.1

Gas Turbine Firing Temperature

119

3.1.1.2

Gas Turbine Pressure Ratio

119

3.1.1.3

Combustor Developments

120

3.1.1.4

IGCC Applications

121

3.1.1.5

Novel Cycles

125

4.

Conclusions

132

4.1

Phase 1

132

4.2

Phase 2

135

4.3

Phase 3

138

5.

References

140

6.

Appendix A – Analysis Tools

143

6.1

APSAT

143

6.1.1

SOFC Model

143

6.1.2

Gas Turbine

144

6.1.3

Humidifier Model

144

6.1.4

Compressor and Steam Turbine Models

145

6.2

SOAPP

145

6.3

References

145

7.

Appendix B – Screening Analysis

150

7.1

Natural Gas Based Cases

150

7.1.1

High Pressure SOFC Integrated with High Pressure Ratio Intercooled Gas Turbine

150

7.1.2

High Pressure SOFC Integrated with HAT

151

7.1.3

Atmospheric Pressure MCFC Integrated with Intercooled Gas Turbine

151

7.1.4

O2 Breathing High Pressure SOFC Integrated with HAT Cycle

152

7.1.5

Advanced Ranking Cycle Combusting H2 with O2

152

7.2

Coal Based Cases

153

7.2.1

Integrated Gasification SOFC / GT Hybrid Systems

153

7.2.2

Integrated Gasification SOFC / HAT Hybrid Systems

154

7.2.3

Advanced Transport Reactor Gasifier

155

7.2.4

Partial Gasification Hybrid Systems

156

7.3

References

157

8.

Appendix C – Base Cases

170

8.1

Coal Based IGCC Plant Without CO2 Recovery

170

8.1.1

Process Description

170

8.1.2

Performance and Cost Estimates

170

8.2

Coal Based IGHAT Plant With CO2 Recovery – “Zero Emission” With Nearer Term Technology

171

8.2.1

Process Description

171

9.

Appendix D – Economic Analysis Methodology

174

9.1

Basis of Economic Analysis

174

9.1.1

Organization and Start-Up Costs

174

9.1.2

Working Capital

174

9.1.3

Land Costs

174

9.1.4

Operating and Maintenance Cost Estimates

174

9.1.4.1

Fixed Operating Costs

174

9.1.4.2

Variable Operating Costs

175

9.1.4.3

By-Product Credit

175

9.1.4.4

Operating and Maintenance Costs

176

9.1.4.5

Fuel Cost

176

10.

Appendix E – Gas Turbine Development Needs

179

10.1

Potential Paths

180

10.1.1

Aero Frame

180

10.1.2

Intercooled Aeroderivative

181

10.2

Development Plans

182

10.3

References

182