Hot Coal Gas Desulfurization With Manganese-Based Sorbents. Final Report. September 1992 - December 1994

Hot Coal Gas Desulfurization With Manganese-Based Sorbents.
Final Report. September 1992 - December 1994 - 1994

Section 1 1483kb	List of Tables				vii
	List of Figures				viii
	I.	Introduction			1
		1.1	Introduction		1
		1.2	References		4
	II.	Literature Review			5
		2.1	Introduction		5
		2.2	Emerging Technologies for Power Generation		8
			2.2.1	Introduction	8
			2.2.2	Advantages of Hot Gas Desulfurization	9
			2.2.3	Coal Gasifiers for IGCC Application	12
			2.2.4	Particulate Removal System	12
			2.2.5	Hot Gas Desulfurization	12
		2.3	Review of Hot Gas Desulfurization Sorbents		16
			2.3.1	Introduction	16
			2.3.2	Manganese-based Systems	17
		2.4	References		19
Section 2 1202kb	III.	Thermodynamic Comparison of Several Sorbent Systems for Hot Coal- Derived Fuel-Gas Desulfurization			21
		Acknowledgement			21
		Abstract			22
		3.1	Introduction		23
		3.2	Analytical Approach		23
		3.3	Complex Chemical Systems		25
		3.4	Evaluation of Degree of Desulfurization for Several Metal Sorbent Systems		26
		3.5	Graphical Procedure		27
		3.6	Example 1		28
		3.7	Example 2		29
		3.8	Summary		29
		3.9	References		29
Section 3 1425kb	IV.	Desulfurization of Hot Coal-Derived Fuel Gases with Manganese-Based Regenerable Sorbents. 1. Loading (Sulfidation) Tests			51
		Acknowledgement			51
		Abstract			52
		4.1	Introduction		53
		4.2	Thermodynamic Considerations		54
		4.3	Experimental Investigations and Results		55
			4.3.1	Sorbent Pellet Preparation	55
			4.3.2	Pellet Reactivity via Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)	59
		4.4	Kinetic Considerations		61
		4.5	Mn-Based Sorbents vs Zn-Based Sorbents		63
		4.6	Summary and Conclusions		65
		4.7	References		66
Section 4 1237kb	V.	Desulfurization of Hot Coal-Derived Fuel Gases with Manganese-Based Regenerable Sorbents. 2. Regeneration and Multicycle Tests			81
		Acknowledgements			81
		Abstract			82
		5.1	Introduction		83
		5.2	Thermodynamic Considerations		85
		5.3	Experimental Investigations and Results		87
			5.3.1	Regeneration Tests	88
			5.3.2	Multicycle Tests	89
			5.3.3	Discussion	90
		5.4	Kinetic Considerations		91
		5.5	Summary and Conclusions		92
		5.6	References		93
Section 5 1134kb	VI.	Desulfurization of Hot Coal-Derived Fuel Gases with Manganese-Based Regenerable Sorbents. 3. Fixed-Bed Testing			105
		Acknowledgements			105
		Abstract			106
		6.1	Introduction		107
		6.2	Experimental Investigations and Results		109
			6.2.1	Introduction	109
			6.2.2	Fixed-Bed System Description and Testing Procedures	110
			6.2.3	Results and Discussion	112
		6.3	Re-assessment of Reaction Equilibria in the Solid Mn-S-O System		113
		6.4	References		115
Section 6 254kb	VII.	Summary and Suggestions for Future Work			126
		7.1	Summary		126
		7.2	Suggestions for Future Work		127
Appendices 1888kb	VIII. Appendix A: Raw Materials Used and Method of Pellet Manufacture				130
		8.1	Introduction		131
		8.2	Pellet Preparation Procedure		132
		8.3	Discussion		133
		8.4	Raw Materials Used and Their Assays		134
	IX. Appendix B: Derivation of Relevant Kinetic Expressions				136
		9.1	Definition of Symbols Used and Their Units		137
		9.2	Introduction		137
		9.3	Application of the Shrinking-Core Model for Spherical Pellets During Sulfidation		138
			9.3.1	Diffusion through gas film controls	139
			9.3.2	Diffusion through product layer controls	141
			9.3.3	Chemical (surface) reaction controls	143
		9.4	Application of the Shrinking-Core Model for Spherical Pellets During Regeneration		144
	X. Appendix C: Petrographic Study of Mn Oxide and Sulfide Pellets				148
		Acknowledgements			148
		10.1	Introduction		149
		10.2	Pellet Macrophotography and Macrocharacteristics		149
		10.3	Pellet Preparation		149
		10.4	Pellet Photomicrography and Microcharacteristics		149
		10.5	X-ray Diffraction of Whole Pellets		150
		10.6	Interpretation of Results		150
			10.6.1	Cracks	151
			10.6.2	Cavities	151
			10.6.3	Particle Size	151
			10.6.4	Phases	151
		10.7	X-ray Diffraction of Whole Pellets		152
		10.8	Conclusions		152