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Coal Conversion Comparisons. Final report on Task 002 - 1979

Rogers, K. A.
Hill, R. F.

Engineering Societies Commission on Energy Inc.

Table of Contents 103kb

Section 1
408kb		   Preface ii
Executive Summary iii

1.0

 Introduction 1
  1.1 Purpose of Study 1
1.2 Scope 3
1.3 Coal Resources 5
1.4 Mechanical Upgrading 5
1.5 Chemical Processes 6

2.0

 Comparison Methods 9
  2.1 Efficiency 9
2.2 Process Complexity 10
2.3 Economics 11
  2.3.1 Cost per Unit of Energy 11
2.3.2 Energy Products Market 12
2.3.3 Product Value Technique 12
Section 2
441kb

3.0

 Process Descriptions 18
 

3.1

 Solid Processes 18

3.1.1

 SRC-I 19

3.2

 Liquid Processes 20
  3.2.1 SRC-II 21
3.2.2 EDS 22
3.2.3 H-Coal 22
3.2.4 Fischer-Tropsch 23
3.2.5 Methanol and M-gasoline 23

3.3

 Gas Processes 24
  3.3.1 CO2 Acceptor 25
3.3.2 Hygas 26
3.3.3 Bigas 27
3.3.4 Synthane 28
3.3.5 Lurgi Process, Dry Bottom 28
3.3.6 Slagging Lurgi Process 29

3.4

 Other Processes 30
  3.4.1 Combustion Engineering 31
3.4.2 Westinghouse 31
Section 3
347kb

4.0

 Technical Review 34
 

4.1

 Process Complexity 34

4.1.1

 Reactor Comparison 37

4.2

 Process Comparisons 40
  4.2.1 Efficiency 41
4.2.2 Process Development Status 41

4.3

 Products 44
  4.3.1 Solid Products 46
4.3.2 Liquid Products 46
4.3.3 Gaseous Products 46
4.3.4 By-Products 48
4.3.5 Power 48
Section 4
531kb

5.0

 Economics 49
  5.1 Coal 50
5.2 Operating Cost 50
5.3 Capital Cost 51
  5.3.1 Utility Financing 52
5.3.2 Private Financing 52
5.4 Products Amount 55
5.5 Product Cost 55
5.6 Cost Comparison 57

6.0

 Commercialization Prospects 61
  6.1 Commercial Compatibility 61
6.2 Social Compatibility 61
6.3 Utility Applications 62
6.4 Time Requirements 64
6.5 Constraints on Commercialization 64
6.6 Regulatory Prospects 67

6.6.1

 SNG Regulation 67

6.7

 Environmental Impact 69
Section 5
441kb

7.0

 Conclusions 72
  References 74
Glossary 77
Appendix 1 - Product Specifications 78
Appendix 2 - Product Cost Calculation 81
Appendix 3 - Cost Sensitivity and Inflation 84
Appendix 4 - Coal Resources 86