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Report to Congress: Coal Refineries: A Definition and Example Concepts - 1991

Department of Energy

Table of Contents 205kb

Section 1
781kb		 Abstract 1
Foreword 1

1

 Introduction 9
  1.1 Background 9
1.2 Congressional Directive 10
1.3 Coal Refinery Products and Markets 10
1.4 Definition of Coal Refinery 12
1.5 Focus of Report 13

2

 Brief History of Coal Refineries 14

3

 Coal Refinery Concepts 17
 

3.1

 Refinery Categories 17
  3.1.1 Devolatilization 17
3.1.2 Gasification 17
3.1.3 Liquefaction 18
3.1.4 Bioprocessing 18

3.2

 Potential Coal Refinery Concepts 18
  3.2.1 Devolatilization Concepts 19
3.2.2 Gasification Concepts 21
Section 2
806kb		 3.2.3 Liquefaction Concepts 23
3.2.4 Bioprocessing Concepts 25

3.3

 Conclusions and Research Needs for Refinery Concepts 25
 

3.3.1

 Devolatilization Coal Refineries 25
 

3.3.1.1

 Conclusions 25

3.3.1.2

 Research Needs 26

3.3.2

 Gasification Coal Refineries 27
  3.3.2.1 Conclusions 27
3.3.2.2 Research Needs 27

3.3.3

 Liquefaction Coal Refineries 28
  3.3.3.1 Conclusions 28
3.3.3.2 Research Needs 28

3.3.4

 Bioprocessing Coal Refineries 28
  3.3.4.1 Conclusions 28
3.3.4.2 Research Needs 28

3.3.5

 General Comments on R&D for Coal Refineries 29
 

3.3.5.1

 General Conclusions 29

3.3.5.2

 Common Research Needs 29
References 31
Appendix A:  Devolatilization Coal Refinery Concepts 32
  Calderon 33
Charfuel 41
Section 3
763kb		 Coal Liquid and Coke Mild Gasification 50
Encoal 55
Hydrocarb 61
IGT Mild Gasification 66
Section 4
724kb		 Marshall Owen 77
SFuel 84
UNDEERC-AMAX Mild Gasification 91
WRI-AMAX Mild Gasification 96
Section 5
624kb		 Appendix B:  Gasification Coal Refinery Concepts 104
  Coproduction of Acetic Anhydride, Acetic Acid, and Methanol 105
Coproduction of Methanol and Electricity 113
Section 6
924kb		 Coproduction of SNG, Electricity, Methanol, and Chemical Intermediates 127
Coproduction of Urea and Electricity 146
Section 7
700kb		 Once-Through Fischer-Tropsch Process with Power Generation 159
Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis 174
Section 8
614kb		 Appendix C:  Liquefaction Coal Refinery Concepts 183
  Agflotherm 184
Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction 193
Section 9
561kb		 Coal Depolymerization - Liquefaction 209
Coal/Oil Coprocessing 216
Section 10
751kb		 Enhanced Coal Liquefaction by Rapid Heating 230
Liquid Solvent Extraction 232
NEDOL 239
Nippon Brown Coal Liquefaction 244
Appendix D:  Bioprocessing Coal Refinery Concepts 251
  Bioconversion of Coal to Alcohol Fuels 252
Lignite Refinery 256