I. C. 7692

Technology of Lignitic Coals - 1954

Bureau of Mines Staff Grand Forks, N. Dak.Washington, D. C.

Cover Page 506kb

Table of Contents 394kb

Forward 71kb

Page
1. Combustion - power generation 2211kb 1
Methods of firing 1
Underfeed stokers 2
Chain - and traveling - grate stokers 2
Spreader stokers 3
Pulverized fuel 8
Cyclone burners 17
Comparative survey of steam power plants burning North Dakota lights 20
Construction and electrical production costs for lignite-burning power plants 25
Fluidized processing of North Dakota lignite for power production 26
Bibliography 30
2. Carbonization 2358kb 33
Results of assay tests on North Dakota and other selected lignites 34
Process methods 43
Pilot and commercial plants for carbonizing American lignites 43
Lurgi-Spülgas process 45
Fluidized carbonization, Bureau of Mines, Denver, Colo. 47
Investigations to produce coherent coke from lignite 54
German processes for carbonizing lignite and brown coal 56
Properties of low-temperature lignite tars 60
Uses for products from low-temperature carbonization of lignite 62
Bibliography 65
3. Gasification 1660kb 67
Synthesis gas 67
Externally heated annular retort, Bureau of Mines, Grand Forks, N. Dak. 68
Externally heated retort for pulverized coal, Battelle Memorial Institute 71
Koppers pulverized-fuel process 73
Bureau of Mines atmospheric-pressure gasifier, Morgantown, W. Va. 78
Bureau of mines pressure gasifier, Morgantown, W. Va. 78
Lurgi pressure-gasification process 78
Texaco pressure-gasification process 82
General discussion of operating features 85
Pulverized coal 85
Pressure gasification 85
Internal and external heating 86
Steam requirements 88
Oxygen requirements 88
Capacities 88
Future and present uses of synthesis gas 88
Producer gas 89
Bibliography 91
4. Hydrogenation of lignite 905kb 93
Introduction 93
Commercial-plant operation 93
Laboratory investigation 94
Demonstration-plant operations 99
Liquid-phase hydrogenation 99
Description of coal 99
Processing 101
Performance of equipment 104
Vapor-phase hydrogenation 105
Bibliography 107
5. Other chemical processing 814kb 109
Activated carbon 110
Stain-type dyes and related products 111
Montan wax 113
Recovery of elements in ash 116
Controlled oxidation 118
Miscellaneous applications 119
Bibliography 120