I. C. 7692
Technology of Lignitic Coals - 1954
Bureau of Mines Staff Grand Forks, N. Dak.Washington, D. C.
| Page | |||||
| 1. | Combustion - power generation 2211kb | 1 | |||
| Methods of firing | 1 | ||||
| Underfeed stokers | 2 | ||||
| Chain - and traveling - grate stokers | 2 | ||||
| Spreader stokers | 3 | ||||
| Pulverized fuel | 8 | ||||
| Cyclone burners | 17 | ||||
| Comparative survey of steam power plants burning North Dakota lights | 20 | ||||
| Construction and electrical production costs for lignite-burning power plants | 25 | ||||
| Fluidized processing of North Dakota lignite for power production | 26 | ||||
| Bibliography | 30 | ||||
| 2. | Carbonization 2358kb | 33 | |||
| Results of assay tests on North Dakota and other selected lignites | 34 | ||||
| Process methods | 43 | ||||
| Pilot and commercial plants for carbonizing American lignites | 43 | ||||
| Lurgi-Spülgas process | 45 | ||||
| Fluidized carbonization, Bureau of Mines, Denver, Colo. | 47 | ||||
| Investigations to produce coherent coke from lignite | 54 | ||||
| German processes for carbonizing lignite and brown coal | 56 | ||||
| Properties of low-temperature lignite tars | 60 | ||||
| Uses for products from low-temperature carbonization of lignite | 62 | ||||
| Bibliography | 65 | ||||
| 3. | Gasification 1660kb | 67 | |||
| Synthesis gas | 67 | ||||
| Externally heated annular retort, Bureau of Mines, Grand Forks, N. Dak. | 68 | ||||
| Externally heated retort for pulverized coal, Battelle Memorial Institute | 71 | ||||
| Koppers pulverized-fuel process | 73 | ||||
| Bureau of Mines atmospheric-pressure gasifier, Morgantown, W. Va. | 78 | ||||
| Bureau of mines pressure gasifier, Morgantown, W. Va. | 78 | ||||
| Lurgi pressure-gasification process | 78 | ||||
| Texaco pressure-gasification process | 82 | ||||
| General discussion of operating features | 85 | ||||
| Pulverized coal | 85 | ||||
| Pressure gasification | 85 | ||||
| Internal and external heating | 86 | ||||
| Steam requirements | 88 | ||||
| Oxygen requirements | 88 | ||||
| Capacities | 88 | ||||
| Future and present uses of synthesis gas | 88 | ||||
| Producer gas | 89 | ||||
| Bibliography | 91 | ||||
| 4. | Hydrogenation of lignite 905kb | 93 | |||
| Introduction | 93 | ||||
| Commercial-plant operation | 93 | ||||
| Laboratory investigation | 94 | ||||
| Demonstration-plant operations | 99 | ||||
| Liquid-phase hydrogenation | 99 | ||||
| Description of coal | 99 | ||||
| Processing | 101 | ||||
| Performance of equipment | 104 | ||||
| Vapor-phase hydrogenation | 105 | ||||
| Bibliography | 107 | ||||
| 5. | Other chemical processing 814kb | 109 | |||
| Activated carbon | 110 | ||||
| Stain-type dyes and related products | 111 | ||||
| Montan wax | 113 | ||||
| Recovery of elements in ash | 116 | ||||
| Controlled oxidation | 118 | ||||
| Miscellaneous applications | 119 | ||||
| Bibliography | 120 | ||||