Untitled Document

				Page
Section 1 1108kb	Introduction			6
		Summary		6
		Acknowledgments		9
	Origin, composition, and properties of coal			10
		Inspection, sampling, and analysis		10
			Analyses of miscellaneous materials	11
		Constitution, properties, and analytical methods		12
			Petrographic studies of coal	12
			Determination of chlorine in coal	14
			Free-swelling index of coal	15
Section 2 837kb			Determination of petrographic components in coal by thin-section examination	16
	Coal Mining			16
		Coal investigations		16
			Alaska	16
			Coosa Coal Field, Alabama	17
			Minnesota Creek Area, Gunnison County, Colo.	18
			Castleman Basin, Maryland	19
			Deep River Coal Field, North Carolina	19
			Coal Creek, Gunnison County, Colo.	19
		Study of coking-coal reserves		19
		Mining methods and practices		20
			The coal industry of Brazil	20
Section 3 1155kb			Coals of Chile	21
			Extraction of pillars with mechanized equipment	21
			Coal-mining methods and practices in western Arkansas	22
			Slope sinking through water-bearing strata	23
			Missouri river Basin coal studies	23
			Greek lignite	23
			Anthracite mechanical mining research	23
			Studies on the use of Diesel engines underground	24
			International conference of directors of mine safety research	25
Section 4 722kb			Toxic mine atmospheres	26
			Electrical equipment for mines	26
			Electrical control mechanisms in underground pumping plants	27
			Roof control	27
			Anthracite flood prevention	28
	Preparation of Coal			29
		Coal washing		29
			Cleaning and recovery of fine coal	29
			Coal washery-water clarification	29
		Washing characteristics of Chilean coals		29
		Coal washing in Washington, Oregon, and Alaska		30
		Sampling of coal for float-and-sink tests		31
		Upgrading marginal coking coals by coal-preparation methods		32
		Production of electrode carbon in Germany		32
Section 5 841kb		Briquetting of coal		33
		Drying low-rank coal		33
			Flash-drying process	33
			Drying and utilization of Greek lignites	34
			Drying of lignite	35
	Storage of coal			36
		Storage of low-rank coals		36
			Storage of dried lignite	36
	Utilization of coal for combustion			36
		Fuel-engineering service		36
			Boiler feed-water conditioning	38
			Boiler-water research	38
			Smoke abatement	40
		Domestic stoker - and hand-firing of coal; comparison with oil		40
		Measurement of the reactivity of solid fuels by the crossing-point method		41
		Corrosion of high-pressure steam generators		42
	Carbonization of coal			42
		Survey of carbonizing properties of American coals		42
Section 6 471kb			Methods of testing	45
			Low-volatile bituminous coals	52
			Medium-volatile bituminous coals	53
Section 7 545kb			High-volatile bituminous coals	54
			No. 5 block- and Pocahontas No. 6-bed coals	55
			Paonia, Colo., coal	56
			Beckley-bed coal, Raleigh County, W. Va.	56
			Blending tests of Appalachian coals	56
		Plasticity of coals		56
		Expanding properties		59
		New experimental coke oven		62
		Oxidizing properties of bituminous coals		62
Section 8 1908kb		Carbonizing properties of Chilean coals		63
		Survey of the coke industry		63
		German low-temperature coal-tar industry		63
	Gasification of coal and coke			64
		Use of oxygen in gas manufacture		64
		The Lurgi process of complete gasification		64
		Gasification of lignite and subbituminous coal		64
			Gasification of lignite for preparation of high-hydrogen water gas	65
		Underground gasification		66
			Laboratory experimentation	66
			Second field-scale experiment at Gorgas, Ala.	66
Section 9 1905kb	Research on the production of synthesis gas			70
Section 9 1905kb		Gasification of pulverized coal		70
Section 10 711kb			Vortex combustion studies for powdered coal gasification	73
		Production of synthesis gas		73
			Gas treating and testing	73
			Oxygen production by multistage fractional permeation	74
	Liquefaction of coal by direct hydrogenation: Research and development			74
		Function of solvents and catalysts in early stages of coal hydrogenation		76
			Action of solvents	76
		Bench-scale process development		77
			Coal hydrogenation in the absence of solvents	77
			Substitution of water gas for hydrogen	78
		Pilot-plant operations		78
			Liquid-phase hydrogenation	78
			Vapor-phase hydrogenation	78
Section 11 1118kb		Separation and identification of products of coal hydrogenation		79
	Liquefaction of coal by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide: Research and development			82
		Reaction mechanism studies		83
			Surface areas and densities of iron catalysts	83
			Effect of carriers and promoters in cobalt catalysts and role of bulk metal carbides in the synthesis	84
			Effect of chloride ion on the activity of iron catalysts	86
			Catalyst activity and durability	87
Section 12 988kb		Study of fundamental properties of fixed and fluidized beds		88
			Heat transfer through fluidized beds	88
			Flow through fixed granular beds	89
			Flow through fluidized beds	89
			Process development, bench scale	89
			Process development, pilot-plant operations	91
		Separation and identification of products of hydrogenation of carbon monoxide		91
Section 13 1909kb	Synthetic liquid fuels demonstration plants			92
Section 13 1909kb		Coal-hydrogenation plant		92
Section 14 347kb		Gas-synthesis plant		94
		Engineering studies and cost estimates		95
		Technical reports and foreign document work		97
			Synthetic liquid fuels abstracts	97
			Bibliographies	97
			Foreign documents	97

2 Assistant to the Chief, Fuels and Explosives Division, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.