Untitled Document

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Section 1 1017kb	Introduction			5
Section 1 1017kb	Summary			6
Section 2 683kb	Acknowledgments			10
	Origin, composition, and properties of coals			11
		Inspection, sampling, and analysis		11
			Analyses of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, and Oregon coals	12
			Data on coals in Districts 12, 14, and 16	13
			Laboratory lists	13
		Constitution, properties, and analytical methods		14
			Extractable waxes from lignitic and subbituminous coals of the United States	14
			Analyses of miscellaneous materials	14
Section 3 1915kb			Reflectance of coal	16
			Electron microscope studies of metal fumes and Fischer-Tropsch catalysts	16
			Petrographic studies of coal	17
			Glacial peat deposit near Pittsburgh	20
			Origin and constitution of coal	20
			Study of materials relating to acid formation in coal mines	20
Section 4 929kb	Coal mining			21
		Experimental mine and dust explosions		21
			Demonstrations	21
			Technical assistance and services to others	21
		Coal investigations		22
			Coal Creek, Gunnison County, Colo.	22
			Coking-coal deposits on Lookout Mountain, Dekalb and Cherokee Counties, Ala.	26
			Georges Creek Basin, Md.	28
			Coosa coal field, Ala.	28
Section 5 1033kb			Castleman coal basin, Md.	29
			Deep River, N. C.	29
			Alaska	29
		Mining methods and practices		30
			Strip mining of bituminous coal	30
Section 6 1231kb			Mining of Belgium and Germany	32
			Eickhoff-Schrämlader machine	33
			Bureau of Mines scraper-shaker loader	34
			Eickhoff shearing machine	34
			Korfmann universal shearing machine, model SK 20	34
			German coal planer	35
			Anthracite flood prevention	35
			Acid mine water from anthracite mines	35
			Anthracite mine dust problems	36
			Back filling in anthracite mines	36
Section 7 1105kb			Diesel exhaust gases	37
			Comoustion performance of fuels in Diesel engines	38
			Electrical equipment for mines	39
			Requirements for multiple-shot blasting units	39
			Mine-communication apparatus	39
			Toxic mine atmospheres	40
			Relationship of safety and efficiency in coal mining	40
		Gaseous explosions and use of explosives		40
			Increase in charge limit of permissible explosives	40
			Permissibility tests	42
Section 8 983kb			Substitutions in permissible explosives	43
			Field samples of permissible explosives	43
			Consumption of permissible explosives	43
			Firedamp safety of powder-powered tools for splicing cables and punching rails	43
			Determination of the reactivity of calcium carbide and acetylene-water vapor mixtures	44
	Preparation of coal			46
		Recovery of fine coal from slurry water		46
		Preparation characteristics of Illinois coal		46
		New heavy-medium process for cleaning fine coal		46
		European practice		48
			Coal preparation in The Netherlands	48
Section 9 1151kb			Coal preparation in western Germany	49
		Drying lignite		50
	Storage of coal			53
	Utilization of coal for combustion			54
		Fuel-engineering service		54
		Boiler feed-water conditioning		55
		Instructions on testing of boiler water		56
		Innovations in boiler-water-control testing		56
		Boiler-water research		57
Section 10 1821kb		Smoke abatement		58
		Determination of solid fuel reactivity by ignitibility		58
		External corrosion of furnace-wall tubes		59
		Smokeless packaged fuel for domestic use		59
		Mineral wool from Rhode Island anthracite		60
		Developments in Switzerland		60
	Carbonization and gasification			61
		Laboratory tests of coking coals		61
		Survey of carbonizing properties of American coals		63
Section 11 1325kb		Argentine asfaltita		73
		Venezuelan coal		74
		Expansion-test investigations		74
Section 12 1310kb		Plasticity of coals		80
		Oxidizing properties of various bituminous coals		83
		Low-temperature coke by Krupp-Lurgi process		86
		Carbonization of Elkhorn No. 3-bed coal		86
		Carbonizing properties of western coals		87
		Carbonization of Velva lignite and Monarch coal		88
		Improvement of methods for testing physical properties of coke		88
		Large-scale coking investigations		88
		Fuel industry of Japan - low-temperature carbonization		89
Section 13 1645kb		Gases from carbonization tests		90
		High-B.t.u. gas from solid fuels		90
		Gasification of Buckwheat anthracite		91
		Gasification of subbituminous coal and lignite		92
Section 14 2510kb			Underground gasification	99
	Liquefaction			100
		Facilities for research and development, Bruceton, Pa.		100
		Synthesis of liquid fuels from hydrogen and carbon monoxide		101
			Process development, pilot-plant and bench-scale tests	101
			Preparation and testing of catalysts	102
Section 15 2079kb		Synthesis of liquid fuels by hydrogenation of coal		108
			Experiments in small autoclaves	108
			Separation and identification of constituents of synthetic liquid fuels	110
		Chemical engineering research, design of special instruments and equipment, and cost estimates on synthetic liquid-fuel processes		112
			Experiments to provide data for the design of Fischer-Tropsch pilot plants	112
		Fuels and lubricants missions		112

1 The Bureau of Mines will welcome reprinting of this paper, provided the following acknowledgment is used: "Reprinted from Bureau of Mines Information Circular 7446."

3 Assistant chief, Fuels and Explosives Branch, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.