Untitled Document

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Section 1 1065kb	Introduction			5
	Summary			6
	Acknowledgments			9
	Origin, composition, and properties of coals			11
		Inspection, sampling, and analysis		11
			Analyses of Alaska coals	13
			Data on coals in District No. 9, western Kentucky	13
Section 2 1138kb		Constitution, properties, and analytical methods		14
			Extractable waxes in United States lignites	14
			Analyses of miscellaneous materials	14
			Electron microscope studies of coal and Fischer-Tropsch catalysts	16
			A method of petrologic analysis	17
Section 3 1209kb			Inert organic matter in eastern coals	21
	Coal Mining			27
		Experimental mine and dust explosions		27
			Demonstrations and lectures	27
			Inflammability and explosibility of industrial dusts and powders	27
			Release of dust-explosion pressures to prevent structural damage	28
Section 4 1746kb			Pressure-relieving capabilities of glass	30
			Technical assistance and service to others	31
		Investigation of coal deposits		31
			Coosa Coal Field, Alabama	31
		Coal reserves in areas where fuel supplies are critical		31
			Toledo lignite deposit, Lewis County, Wash.	31
			Meta-anthracite in Newport and Providence Counties, R. I.	32
			Coos Bay, Oregon	33
			Alaska	34
			Coaldale, Nev.	34
		Mining Methods and practices		34
			A stripping operation in Illinois	34
Section 5 1746kb			Extraction of pillars	35
			Mine mechanization	35
			Australian coal mining	38
			Eickhoff shearing machine	39
			The coal planer	39
			Scraper-slide and shaker-conveyor loading machine	40
			Effect of scrubbing upon the odorous and irritating constituents of Diesel exhaust gas	40
Section 6 1201kb			Performance of Diesel engines	43
			Mine rescue telephones	43
			Allaying mine dust	44
			Hazards of trolley-locomotive haulage	44
			Diesel locomotive tests	45
			Liquefied natural-gas fire in Ohio	45
			Procedure for testing self-contained breathing apparatus	45
			Single-shot blasting units	46
			Coal-mine health hazards	46
		Use of explosives and gaseous explosions		47
			Increase in charge limit of permissible explosives	47
			Effect of sheaths upon the gaseous products from permissible explosives	49
			Effects of type of ammonium nitrate upon the gaseous products from sheathed permissible explosives	50
Section 7 1129kb			Sensitivity of explosives to initiation by electrostatic discharges	51
			List of permissible explosives	51
			Consumption of permissible explosives	51
			Field samples of permissible explosives	52
			Miniature-cartridge test for detonators	53
			Technical assistance and services to others	53
			The electronic chronoscope	53
			Ignition temperatures of compounds in air and oxygen	54
			Limits of inflammability of substances in air	55
			Extinction of gasoline flames by inert gases	55
			Limits of inflammability and ignition temperature of naphthalene	57
Section 8 1054kb			Effect of pressure upon the explosibility of mixtures of acetylene with water vapor, air, and hydrocarbons	58
			Extinction of flames by the addition of helium	60
	Preparation of coal			60
		Metallurgical coal from high-sulfur coal		60
		Electrostatic treatment of fine coal		61
		Preparation characteristics of Maryland coals		61
		Coal-preparation practice in Western Europe		61
		Washability of coals from the Mantanuska Field, Alaska		62
			Results obtained in washing	62
		Removing of extraneous material from industrial and domestic coals		64
		Hand preparation of coal		64
	Storage of coal			66
Section 9 1229kb		Storage of low-rank fuels		66
	Utilization of coal			68
		Combustion		68
			Fuel-engineering service	68
		National Fuel Efficiency Program		70
		Boiler feedwater conditioning		71
		Boiler water research		72
		External corrosion of furnace-wall tubes		73
Section 10 1463kb		Smoke abatement		75
		Packaged fuel containing anthracite fines		75
		Utilization of mixtures of bituminous coal and anthracite		76
		Ash-removal, domestic stoker tests		77
		Analysis of size distribution in broken coal		79
		The measurement of heat absorption in the primary furnace of a central station boiler		79
		Automatic water heater		80
		Mineral wool from Rhode Island anthracite		81
Section 11 1028kb		Wartime utilization of coal in Germany		82
	Carbonization and gasification			83
		Laboratory tests of coking coals		83
			Alaskan coals	84
			Chilean coals	84
			Chinese coals	85
			Sardinian coals	85
			The free-swelling index of coal	86
		Wartime progress in coke production		87
		Survey of carbonizing properties of American coals		87
Section 12 785kb		Results of carbonization tests		88
		Chilean coals		95
		Texas lignite		95
		Peruvian coal		95
		Powellton and No. 2 Gas-Peerless coals		96
Section 13 1221kb		Beckley coal		97
		Durability of coking power and various coals		99
		Oxidizing properties of bituminous coals		100
		Plasticity of coal		104
Section 14 1057kb		Swelling properties of coal during the coking process		107
		Blending properties of coal		110
		Bureau of Mines - American Gas Association (BM-AGA) apparatus and procedure		111
		Bulk-density research		112
		Gasification of subbituminous coal and lignite		112
Section 15 1155kb		Gasification processes using oxygen		114
	Liquefaction			117
		Reaction of natural gas and steam		118
Section 16 1354kb		Catalysts in synthetic liquid-fuel processes		119
Section 17 2048kb		Synthesis of hydrocarbons from hydrogen and carbon monoxide		126
			Fischer-Tropsch process development	126
		Coal hydrogenation		128
			Experimental plant	128
			Experiments in small autoclaves	128
			Identification of products of coal hydrogenation and study of typical reactions involved in the process	133
Section 18 1008kb			Characterization of light oil	134
	Foreign fuels			135
		Literature translations and abstracts		140
		Coal-hydrogenation information from captured German documents		141

1 The Bureau of Mines will welcome reprinting of this paper, provided the following acknowledgment is used: "Reprinted from Bureau of the Mines Information Circular 7417.

3 Assistant chief, Fuels and Explosives Branch, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.