Untitled Document

Report on Investigations by Fuels and Lubricants Teams at the I. G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau¹

					Page
Section 1 1182kb	Foreward				i
	I.	Introduction			1
	II.	Synthesis-gas production			2
		A.	General		2
		B.	Pressure operation of the water-gas "shift" reaction (J. F. Ellis)		2
			i.	Objectives behind the development	2
			ii.	Description of plant	3
			iii.	Comparison of the pressure and atmospheric processes	4
		C.	The methane-oxygen process for synthesis-gas production (E. B. Peck and L. P. Evans)		5
			i.	General process description	5
Section 2 905kb			ii.	Plant operation and details of equipment	7
			iii.	Costs	8
		D.	Methane-oxygen process for production of acetylene and synthesis gas (E. B. Peck and L. P. Evans)		8
			i.	Process details	8
			ii.	Acetylene concentration	9
			iii.	Use of dilute acetylene for acetone synthesis	9
Section 3 994kb			iv.	Costs	11
			v.	Fundamental data for design of burner	12
	III.	Ammonia synthesis (R. Holroyd			12
	IV.	Methanol and higher alcohols synthesis (V. Haensel)			13
	V.	Hydrogenation and related processes			14
		A.	Production of synthetic fuels at Ludwigshafen and Oppau (R. Holroyd and W. F. Faragher)		14
		B.	General review of German war-time operations and developments (R. Holroyd and W. F. Faragher)		14
			a.	Bituminous-coal hydrogenation	14
			b.	Brown-coal hydrogenation	16
			c.	Brown-coal tar, hydrogenation, T. T. H., and M. T. H. processes	16
Section 4 904kb			d.	Bituminous-coal-tar hydrogenation	18
			e.	Petroleum-oil residues	18
			f.	Normal 300-atm. vapor-phase hydrogenation	18
			g.	700-atm. vapor-phase hydrogenation	19
Section 5 1168kb			h.	D. H. D. process	25
			i.	Iso-octane and alkylate production	27
			j.	Fuel for jet planes	28
			k.	Summary table of German hydrogenation activities	29
		C.	Comparative cost data on the hydrogenation of bituminous coal, bituminous-coal tar, and heavy petroleum residues (R. Holroyd and W. F. Faragher)		29
		D.	Research (R. Holroyd and W. F. Faragher)		30
				Catalytic cracking	30
				Isomerization	31
				Synthesis of branched-chain hydrocarbons	31
Section 6 971kb		E.	Methods of manufacture of catalysts for hydrogenation and related processes (W. F. Faragher and W. A. Horne)		33
			1.	Molybdenum-Crude catalyst (for liquid-phase hydrogenation of heavy oils)	33
			2.	Iron-Crude catalyst (for liquid-phase hydrogenation of heavy oils)	33
			3.	5058 : Vapor-phase saturation catalyst	33
			4.	6434 : Vapor-phase splitting catalyst	34
			5.	3510 : Vapor-phase aromatizing catalyst	35
			6.	7846 : Vapor-phase saturation catalyst	35
			7.	8376 : Vapor-phase saturation catalyst	35
			8.	5616 : Vapor-phase saturation catalyst	36
			9.	7360 : D. H. D. catalyst	36
			10.	7935 : Improved D. H. D. catalyst	36
			11.	7019 : Aromatization catalyst	37
			12.	Methane-steam catalyst	37
			13.	Water gas shift catalyst - brown oxide	37
			14.	6448 : Butane dehydrogenation catalyst	38
			15.	Polymerization catalyst	38
			16.	6752 : Catalytic cracking catalyst	39
	VI.	Lubricating oil (E. Cotton)			39
Section 7 1191kb	VII.	Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (R. Holroyd and W. F. Faragher)			40
		Michael process (W. A. Horne)			41
	VIII.	Miscellaneous chemical processes (V. Haensel)			43
		Introduction			43
		1.	Condensation of acetylene with formaldehyde		43
		2.	Hydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol - 1,4-butanediol		44
		3.	Dehydration of 1,4-butanediol to tetrahydrofuran and butadiene		44
		4.	Production of ethylbenzene and styrene		44
		5.	Production of polyisobutylene (Oppanol) and isooctane		45
		6.	Production of polyethylene		46
		7.	Production of nitroparaffins		46
		8.	Production of nylon and kerosin		47
		9.	Miscellaneous chemicals and catalyst preparations		48
	IX.	Information concerning other German factories (R. Holroyd and W. F. Faragher)			49
		A.	Heydebreck		49
Section 8 585kb			a.	Higher alcohols synthesis	50
			b.	Methanol	51
			c.	Ammonia	52
			d.	Chlorine by electrolysis	52
			e.	Fatty acids	52
			f.	Kaurit	52
			g.	Other projected activities	52
			h.	Bomb damage at Heydebreck	53
		B.	Auschwitz		53
Section 9 628kb		C.	Pölitz-Stettin		54
Section 10 946kb	X.	I. G. - Japanese Army negotiations (R. Holroyd and W. F. Faragher)			55
Section 11 1575kb	XI.	Development of high-pressure vessels (J. F. Ellis)			60
		A.	Introduction and general description of process		60
		B.	Detailed description of pressure-vessel manufacture		61
				Production of the wound body	61
		C.	Other uses of the Wickel method		63
	XII.	Development of high-pressure vessels (J. F. Ellis)			63
Section 12 1132kb	XIII.	Hydrogen-resistant steels, etc. (J. F. Ellis)			66
	Appendix A. Personnel of C. I. O. S. team visiting Ludwigshafen and Oppau				68
	Appendix B.				69
		1.	Heat exchanges used in KW plants at Oppau and Heydebreck		69
		2.	Calculations at KW plant, Heydebreck		70
	Appendix C. Large-scale production of synthetic fertilizers				72

1 The Bureau of Mines will welcome reprinting of this paper provided the following footnote acknowledgment is used: "Reprinted from Bureau of Mines Information Circular 7375."