Bulletin 488
The Isosynthesis - 1950
Pichler,
Helmut
Ziesecke, Karl-Heinz
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Section
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Preface | 1 | |||
Introduction | 1 | ||||
Experimental part | 3 | ||||
Apparatus | 3 | ||||
Preliminary tests | 3 | ||||
Experiments with various one-component catalysts | 5 | ||||
Thoria one-component catalyst | 6 | ||||
Effect of synthesis temperature | 6 | ||||
Effect of synthesis pressure | 6 | ||||
Section
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Effect of pressure versus contact time upon conversion | 8 | |||
Effect of two-stage and recycling operations | 8 | ||||
Effect of promoters and carrier on the activity of thorium oxide | 9 | ||||
Effect of alimina | 9 | ||||
Coprecipitated ThO2-Al2O3 | 10 | ||||
Separate ThO2 and Al2O3 layers in the same reactor | 10 | ||||
ThO2-Al2O3 precipitated separately and mixed in wet state | 11 | ||||
ThO2-Al2O3 - kieselguhr | 11 | ||||
Summary of ThO2-Al2O3 experiments | 11 | ||||
Effect of alkali | 11 | ||||
On ThO2 catalyst | 11 | ||||
On ThO2-Al2O3 catalyst | 13 | ||||
Effect of zinc oxide | 13 | ||||
On ThO2 catalyst | 13 | ||||
On Al2O3 | 13 | ||||
Section
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On ThO2-Al2O3 | 15 | |||
Effect of chromium oxide | 15 | ||||
On ThO2 | 15 | ||||
On Al2O3 | 15 | ||||
Effect of other promoters on ThO2 | 15 | ||||
Phosphoric acid | 15 | ||||
Iron | 16 | ||||
Copper | 16 | ||||
Conversion of dimethylether | 17 | ||||
Analytical part | 18 | ||||
Description of techniques | 18 | ||||
Gas analysis | 18 | ||||
Determination of dimethylether | 18 | ||||
Study of gasol fraction | 19 | ||||
Distillation of liquid hydrocarbons | 19 | ||||
Determination of unsaturated liquid hydrocarbons | 20 | ||||
Determination of aromatic compounds | 20 | ||||
Determination of acids, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and phenols | 20 | ||||
Section
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Determination of the gasoline knock rating | 21 | |||
Investigation of lubricant properties of the high-boiling oil fractions | 21 | ||||
Composition of liquid products from a life test over ThO2-Al2O3 catalyst at 300 atmospheres | 21 | ||||
Description of durability experiment | 21 | ||||
Analysis of the gasol fraction | 23 | ||||
Investigation of liquid hydrocarbon fraction obtained at synthesis temperature of 425° C | 23 | ||||
Section
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Analysis of liquid hydrocarbon fraction obtained at synthesis temperature of 375° C | 28 | |||
Composition of liquid products obtained under various synthesis conditions | 30 | ||||
ThO2 catalyst, 150 atmospheres, 375° C | 30 | ||||
ThO2 catalyst 30 atmospheres, 475° C | 30 | ||||
Composition of alcohol fraction | 30 | ||||
Antiknock rating of the hydrocarbons | 31 | ||||
Section
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Nature of the isosynthesis reaction | 33 | |||
Comparison with other catalytic procedures for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide | 33 | ||||
Essential features of the isosynthesis | 33 | ||||
The catalyst | 33 | ||||
Synthesis conditions | 33 | ||||
Products | 33 | ||||
Possible mechanisms of the reaction | 34 | ||||
Isomerization of primary n-paraffins | 34 | ||||
Intermediate alcohol production | 35 | ||||
Oxygenated byproducts of the isosynthesis | 35 | ||||
Effect of the catalyst | 35 | ||||
Intermediate dimethylether production | 36 | ||||
Isomerization equilibria of olefins obtained by dehydration of alcohols | 37 | ||||
Polymerization, alkylation, and cyclization reaction in the production of higher hydrocarbons (C5+) | 38 |