2099.     LEVA, M., WEINTRAUB, M., AND GRUMMER, M.  Heat Transmission Through Fluidized Beds of Fine Particles.  Chem. Eng. Progress, vol. 45, No. 9, 1949, pp. 563-572.

        Equation is derived for the calculation of heat-transfer coefficients through fluidized beds in terms of characteristic fluidization variables.  The study was made in tubes of 2- and 4-in. diameter with round sand, sharp sand, and an Fe Fischer-Tropsch catalyst (Fe₃O₄) in the particle size range of 400-100 mesh.  In attempting to correlate the data, 3 equations were developed, the last of which, h=0.35c_p G^1.15, in which h is expressed in B.t.u./hr./sq. ft./F°, C_p in B.t.u./lb./F° and G in lb./sq. ft./hr., represents the data with an accuracy of + or –27.5%.  Within the limits of the experimental data, it is shown that the bed height, the concentration of solids in the bed (state of expansion), the density of the solid phase, and the vessel diameter had no effect upon heat transfer.  It is concluded also that the tube diameter affects fluidization less than has been believed.  Application of the equation to design of reactors utilizing the fluidization technique is discussed.  Channeling has a very pronounced effect on heat transfer.  Absolute particle size and shape are considerably more important than size distribution in inducing channeling.