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 1451.    HOFMANN, K.  [Heterogeneous Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Equilibria Over Iron and Its Oxides.  I.]  Ztschr. Elektrochem., vol. 31, 1925, pp. 172-176; Chem. Abs., vol. 19, 1925, p. 2293.

        From data contained in the literature derived equations for the heterogeneous equilibrium of the system Fe-O-C over Fe₃O₄/FeO:log K_2pK=(-1645/T)+1.935; FeO/Fe; log K_3pK=+(949/T)-1.140; Fe₃O₄/Fe; log K_4pK=+(261/T)-0.325.  For the system Fe-O-H over the same solid phases the equations are log K_2pW=-(3237/T)+3.509; log K_3pW=-(834/T)+-0.636; log K_4pW=-(1482/T)+1.411.  K_pW and K_pK represent the constants of the homogenous dissociation equilibrium of water vapor and CO₃, respectively.  From the discussion of the heterogeneous equilibrium of CO₂ and H₂O over Fe and its oxides from the standpoint of the phase rule Hofmann concludes that a true chemical equilibrium does not obtain in a blast furnace.