998.     FISCHER, F., AND PHILIPPOVICH, A.  [Production of Formates From Carbon Monoxide and Bases in Presence of Water.]  Ges. Abhandl. Kenntnis Kohle, vol. 6, 1921, pp. 366-381; Chem. Abs., vol. 18, 1924, p. 3170.

       Percent yields of formate from different bases when 100 cc of a N solution, or suspension, of the base was heated, with shaking, with CO (88.7% purity) under 20 atm. for 1 hr. at 1260° in an e autoclave, were as follows:  KOH, 97.8; LiOH, 91.7; NaOH, 96.1; Ca(OH)₂, 92.3; Ba(OH)₂, 90.2; Sr(OH)₂, 84.8; NH₃, 15.3; calcined ZnO, 1.4; precipitated Zn(OH)₂, 3.5; Zn(NH₃)₂(OH)₂, 12.2; precipitated Mg(OH)₂, 4.4; Fe(OH)₃, 2.4; aniline, 0.2; low-temperature tar bases (boiling 250°-270°), 0.5; pyradine, 1.90; piperidine, 28.30.  The reaction liquor contained Fe in all cases.  With the weak bases, the yield of formate was increased by prolonging the time of heating.  The rate of formation of HCO₂NH₄ at 100° was increased by the addition of HCO₂Na.  From 11.09 N NH₃ solution by continued addition of CO under pressure at 160°-180°, 31.6% of formate was obtained although partial hydrolysis apparently set in.  The yield of formate was increased by the addition of CaCO₃ to neutralize the HCO₂H set free.  Varying yields of formate were also obtained under similar conditions from hydrolyzable salts (Na silicate, borax, CaS, Na₂CO₃ and Li₂CO₃), Ca, Ba, and Mg carbonates, Ca(HCO₃)₂, Fe turnings, metallic oxides, and Na₂HPO₄.