962.    ---------------.  [FISCHER, F.]  [Synthesis of Fuels (Kogasin) and Lubricants From Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen at Ordinary Pressure.]  Brennstoff-Chem., vol. 16, 1935, pp. 1-11; Ges. Abhandl. Kenntnis Kohle, vol. 12, 1937, pp. 334-356; Petrol. Refiner, vol. 23, 1944, pp. 70-76; Chem. Abs., vol. 29, 1935, p. 1959; vol. 38, 1944, p. 1621.

     Work on the benzine synthesis begun in 1925 is completely reviewed.  The conversion of CO or CO₂ by H₂ to liquid hydrocarbons depends upon the nature of the catalysts as well as the composition of the gas and the temperatures.  The best catalyzing agents are Fe, Co, and Ni, each of which has the property of forming carbides, the splitting up of which is responsible for the formation of liquid hydrocarbons.  With Co the reaction proceeds as follows:  CO+2H₂=(CH₂)+H₂O at a temperature of 180°-200°; with Fe 2CO+H₂=(CH₂)=CO₂ at 250°.  The pure metals are not used as catalysts, the conversion being promoted best by mixed catalysts, the composition of several of which is given together with some data as to their efficiency.  In general, the yields obtained per m.³ of synthesis gas are 100-120 gm., as compared with the theoretical yield of 180 gm.  Considerable is said about the heat of reaction and its disposition, the preparation of synthesis gas from coke and other gases, the primary products of the synthesis, their properties and uses, and their further conversion to alcohols and lubricants.