Return to DOE Report Table of Contents

Synthetic Petroleum for Department of Defense Use - November 1974

Robert M. Rodden
J. Patrick Henry
Richard L. Goen
Carroll F. Clark
Michael A. Moore
Rudolph A. Black
James R. McCoy

Stanford Research Institute

In this pdf format, this document has 124 pages and is 4.6MB

Table of Contents

PREFACE

 1

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

 4
LIST OF TABLES
 
I INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 7
    Background 7
Objectives and Scope 8
Summary 9
Conclusions 12
 
II DOD PETROLEUM CONSUMPTION 14
    U.S. Refinery Production and Imports 14
DoD Petroleum Consumption 15
DoD Fuel Specifications 18
 
III COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESSES 20
    Background 20
Basic Processes 21
Major Coal Liquefaction Technologies 22
 
IV SYNCRUDE FROM EASTERN AND WESTERN COAL BY THE H-COAL PROCESS 31
    Representative Eastern and Western Coal 31
H-Coal Process Flows 31
Utilities and Labor 38
H-Coal Syncrude Properties 38
H-Coal Process Thermal Efficiency 41
Investment and Operating Costs for H-Coal Facilities 41
 
V REFINING OF SYNCRUDE 45
    Introduction 45
Syncrude Characteristics 45
Refining Cases 48
Integration of Syncrude Production with Existing Refineries 59
Investment and Operating Costs for Syncrude Refining 60
 
VI PLANT LOCATION CONSIDERATIONS 67
    Coal Resources 67
Location of Coal Resources 69
Coal Types 72
Refineries 74
Syncrude Plant Locations 76
 
VII ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 78
    Economic Bases 78
Coal Mining Costs 81
Total Cost of H-Coal Syncrude 84
Total Cost of Syncrude Refining 93
 
VIII TRANSPORTATION 97
    Transportation of Coal 97
Pipelining Oil 99
Distribution to DoD Installations 101
 
IX DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULES 103
    Syncrude Development 103
Schedule for Syncrude Refinery 104
 
X CONSTRAINTS 106
    Water Availability 106
Economic Constraints on Growth Rate of Coal Liquefaction 108
Constraints on Coal Liquefaction Plant Construction 110
Manpower 112
Regulatory Constraints 113
 
REFERENCES
 

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1 SRC Process for Upgrading Coal to a Semisolid Clean Utility Oil 24
2 COED Process for Coal Liquefaction to Syncrude 26
3 Synthoil Process for Converting Coal to Clean Fuel Oil 29
4 Flow Diagram for Syncrude from Illinois No. 6 Coal by the H-Coal Process 33
5 Flow Diagram for Syncrude from Wyoming Powder River Coal by the H-Coal Process 34
6 Syncrude Processing in New Refinery -- Minimum Cost Slate 50
7 Syncrude Processing in New Refinery--Maximum Jet Fuel 53
8 Existing Refinery Processing--Crude Oil Only  56
9 Syncrude and Crude Processing in Modified Refinery 58
10 Coal Fields of the United States 70
11 U.S. Refinery Locations 75
12 Cost Elements of Syncrude from Illinois No. 6 Coal 86
13 Cost Elements of Syncrude from Wyoming Powder River Coal  90
14 Cost of Syncrude from Illinois No. 6 Coal 91
15 Cost of Syncrude from Wyoming Powder River Coal 92
16 Cost of Products versus Syncrude Price 95
17 Coal and Syncrude Transportation Costs 98
 
LIST OF TABLES
 
1 H-Coal Syncrude Cost Elements 11
2 U.S. Refinery Inputs, 1973 15
3 U.S. Refinery Inputs and Product Imports, 1973 15
4 DoD Petroleum Consumption 16
5 DoD Fuel Specifications 19
6 Present Status of Coal Liquefaction Processes 23
7 Characteristics of Representative Eastern and Western Coals 32
8 Steam Flows for Syncrude from Illinois No. 6 Coal by the Coal Process 35
9 Stream Flows for Syncrude from Wyoming Powder River Coal by the E-Coal Process 36
10 Properties of H-Coal Syncrude from Illinois No. 6 Coal 39
11 Properties of H-Coal Syncrude from Wyoming Powder River Coal 40
12 Capital Investment for H-Coal Syncrude Production 42
13 Annual Operating Costs for H-Coal Syncrude Production 44
14 Comparison of Natural Crude and H-Coal Syncrude 46
15 Syncrude Refining Cases 49
16 Capital investment for Syncrude Refineries  
17 Capital Investment for Modification of Existing Refinery to Refine Syncrude 63
18 Annual Operating Costs for Refining Syncrude in New Refineries 64
19 Annual Operating Costs for Refining Crude and Syncrude in Modified Refinery 66
20 Coal Resources of the United States 68
21 Location of U.S. Coal Resources 69
22 Economic Bases 79
23 Coal Mining Costs 83
24 Total Costs for H-Coal Syncrude from Illinois No. 6 Coal 89
25 Total Costs for H-Coal Syncrude from Wyoming Powder River Coal 89
26 Total Costs of Refining Syncrude in New Refineries 94
27 Total Costs of Refining Crude and Syncrude in Modified Refinery 96
28 Present Water Availability for Industrial Development in Western States 108