Section 1
922kb |
1 |
Contract Objectives |
1 |
|
2 |
Project Organization |
3 |
|
3 |
Project Summary |
4 |
| |
3.1 |
Approaches Pursued |
4 |
|
3.2 |
Summary of Progress |
6 |
|
3.3 |
Conclusions and Prospects for Future Work |
8 |
|
4 |
Experimental Data |
10 |
| |
4.1 |
Copper-Containing Catalysts |
10 |
|
4.2 |
Isobutanol Catalyst Synthesis - Design #1 |
15 |
Section 2
1599kb |
4.3 |
Isobutanol Catalyst Formulation and
Preparation - Design #2 |
21 |
|
4.4 |
"Potassium-Free" Isobutanol
Catalysts |
34 |
|
4.5 |
Precipitation Agent and pH Effects |
39 |
Section 3
1262kb |
4.6 |
Potassium Traverse |
47 |
|
4.7 |
Cerium Traverse |
56 |
|
4.8 |
Effects of Process Variables on Catalyst
Performance |
58 |
| |
4.8.1 |
Tests with Catalyst 11-DAN-115 |
58 |
Section 4
695kb |
4.8.2 |
Tests with 10-DAN-54 |
71 |
| 4.8.3 |
Tests with 10-DAN-55 |
85 |
|
4.9 |
Effects of Process Variables on Catalyst
Performance |
58 |
| |
4.9.1 |
Effect of Methanold Feed |
86 |
| 4.9.2 |
Effect of Ethanol Feed |
86 |
| 4.9.3 |
Effect of n-Propanol Feed |
87 |
| 4.9.4 |
Effect of Isopropanol Feed |
88 |
Section 5
610kb |
4.9.5 |
Effect of Carbon Dioxide Feed |
89 |
| 4.9.6 |
Effect of Water Feed |
90 |
| 4.9.7 |
Aging of Catalyst During Feeding Experiments |
91 |
|
4.10 |
Preparation of an Improved Catalyst
(16-DMM-68) |
92 |
| |
4.10.1 |
Comparison with 1-DAN-54 |
92 |
| 4.10.2 |
Testing at Higher Temperatures and Pressures |
93 |
| 4.10.3 |
Modifications of the 10-DMM-68 Composition |
94 |
Section 6
413kb |
4.11 |
Studies of Zn-Cr Spinel Supports |
105 |
| |
4.11.1 |
Zn/Cr Spinel with Excess Zn (Bare Support) |
105 |
| 4.11.2 |
Addition of K to the Zn/Cr Spinel with Excess Zn |
106 |
| 4.11.3 |
Addition of K to 6 wt% Pd on Zn/Cr Spinel with Excess Zn |
106 |
| 4.11.4 |
Cesium Addition to a Zn/Cr Spinel with Excess Zn |
106 |
| 4.11.5 |
Addition of Cs and Pd to the Zn/Cr Spinel with Excess Zn |
107 |
| 4.11.6 |
Cs Addition to Zn/Cr/Mn Spinel with Excess Zn |
108 |
| 4.11.7 |
Cs and Pd Addition to a Zn/Cr/Mn Spinel with Excess Zn |
108 |
| 4.11.8 |
Potassium Promotion of Zn/Cr/O and ZnO |
108 |
| 4.11.9 |
Presence and Absence of Excess ZnO |
109 |
Section 7
1151kb |
4.11.10 |
Comparison with Catalysts Based on Commercial Material |
111 |
Section 8
641kb |
4.12 |
Surface Science Analysis of Spinel Oxide Based
Catalysts |
161 |
| |
4.12.1 |
Techniques employed |
161 |
| 4.12.2 |
ISS, AES, and XPS Data |
161 |
| 4.12.3 |
ESD/ESDIED Data |
163 |
| 4.12.4 |
Conclusions from the Surface Science Analysis |
164 |
|
5 |
Experimental Details |
165 |
| |
5.1 |
Catalyst Preparation |
165 |
| 5.2 |
Catalyst Testing |
165 |
| 5.3 |
Microreactor System for Screening Catalysts |
165 |
| 5.4 |
Product Analysis |
170 |
| 5.5 |
Gas Chromatographic Analyses |
170 |
| 5.6 |
Data Analysis |
171 |
