|
1.0 |
Introduction |
1 |
|
2.0 |
Overview of Methanol Synthesis Technology |
| |
2.1 |
Reaction Conditions |
4 |
|
2.2 |
Catalysts |
7 |
|
2.3 |
Reactor Types |
8 |
| |
2.3.1 |
Commercial Fixed-Bed Process |
8 |
|
2.3.2 |
LaPorte Bubble-column Slurry Reactor |
| |
Process Development |
9 |
|
Process Optimization |
11 |
|
Operating Conditions and Results |
14 |
|
Catalyst Activity and Poisoning |
15 |
|
Major Highlights of the Latest Operation |
16 |
|
2.4 |
New Developments |
17 |
|
3.0 |
Higher Alcohols From Synthesis Gas |
| |
3.1 |
Ethanol |
18 |
|
3.2 |
Mixed Alcohols |
19 |
| |
3.2.1 |
Emerging Commercial/Semi-commercial Processes |
20 |
|
3.2.2 |
New Developments: Catalysts |
29 |
|
4.0 |
Ethers From Synthesis Gas |
| |
4.1 |
MTBE and ETBE |
33 |
|
4.2 |
Dimethyl Ether |
35 |
|
4.3 |
New Developments: Slurry Reactors |
36 |
|
5.0 |
Slurry Reactors For Oxygenates |
| |
5.1 |
Advantages and Disadvantages |
39 |
|
5.2 |
Heat and Mass Transfer |
40 |
|
5.3 |
Reactor Design Issues and Scale-up |
41 |
|
6.0 |
Recommendations |
45 |
|
References |
47 |
