Novel Experimental Studies for Coal Liquefaction. Final Report

Section 1 699kb	1.0	Introduction			i
	2.0	Summary			1
		2.1	Objectives and Accomplishments		1
			2.1.1	Task 1	1
			2.1.2	Task 2	1
		2.2	Personnel		2
		2.3	Published Papers and Presentations		2
			2.3.1	PhD Dissertations	2
			2.3.2	Publications	3
			2.3.3	Presentations and Papers in Preparation	4
	3.0	Task 1. Use of Slurry Reactors for Indirect Liquefaction of Coal			5
		3.1	Background		5
			3.1.1	Methanol Synthesis	5
			3.1.2	The Synthesis of Methanol vi Methyl Formate	6
			3.1.3	Carbonylation of Alcohols	7
			3.1.4	Hydrogenolysis of Methyl Formate	8
			3.1.5	Two-Step Synthesis in Two Reactors (Type I)	9
			3.1.6	Concurrent Synthesis (Type II)	9
		3.2	Experimental		10
			3.2.1	Process Flow Diagram	10
			3.2.2	Equipment	12
			3.2.3	Carbonylation Experiments	12
			3.2.4	Hydrogenolysis Reaction	13
			3.2.5	Concurrent Reactions	14
		3.3	Study of Individual Reactions		15
			3.3.1	The Carbonylation Reaction	15
			3.3.2	Hydrogenolysis Reaction	22
Section 2 332kb		3.4	Concurrent Synthesis		27
			3.4.1	Operating Conditions	27
			3.4.2	Effect of Temperature	29
			3.4.3	Effect of H₂/CO Ratio	32
			3.4.4	Effect of Total Pressure	35
			3.4.5	Effect of CO₂	35
			3.4.6	Effect of Reduction Method on Concurrent Synthesis	38
		3.5	Concluding Remarks--Methanol Synthesis		40
		3.6	Modelling of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in a Slurry Reactor		41
		3.7	Notation		42
		3.8	References		43
Section 3 579kb	4.0	Task 2. Coal Liquefaction under Supercritical Conditions			44
		4.1	Liquefaction of Coal in Supercritical Fluids		44
		4.2	Mass Transfer at Supercritical Conditions		45
			4.2.1	Experimental Design	46
			4.2.2	Results	51
			4.2.3	Mass Transfer Correlations	54
			4.2.4	Correlations	61
			4.2.5	Mixing Effects	69
			4.2.6	Conclusions	72
Section 4 248kb			4.2.7	Notation	75
		4.3	References (Task 2)		77
		4.4	Appendix to Task 2		81
Section 5 626kb	Appendix: Modelling of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in a Slurry Reactor				87