Cation Promotion Effect in Zeolite-Supported F-T Catalysts: Final Report

Section 1 292kb	Acknowledgments					ii
	Abstract					iii
	List of Figures					ix
	List of Tables					xiv
	1.0	Introduction				1
	2.0	Background				6
		2.1	CO Hydrogenation			6
			2.1.1	Nature of the Selectivity Problem in F-T Synthesis		6
Section 2 275kb			2.1.2	Product Selectivity Control		10
		2.2	Zeolite-Supported Metals			10
		2.3	Zeolite Catalyzed Reactions			16
		2.4	Diffusion in Zeolites			20
	3.0	Experimental				21
		3.1	Materials			21
			3.1.1	Preparation of Fully-Exchanged Alkali Zeolites		21
			3.1.2	Preparation of Zeolite-Supported Ru Catalysts		21
			3.1.3	Preparation of FuSiO₂		22
			3.1.4	Preparation of Partially-Exchanged Alkali Y-Zeolites		23
Section 3 227kb		3.2	Catalyst Characterization			24
			3.2.1	Atomic Absorption		24
			3.2.2	Chemisorption		26
			3.2.3	X-Ray Diffraction		29
		3.3	Reaction Studies			29
			3.3.1	Experimental Setups and Procedures		29
				3.3.1.1	CO Hydrogenation	29
				3.3.1.2	Hydrocarbon Reactions	31
			3.3.2	Product Analysis		33
			3.3.3	Activity and Selectivity Determination		34
				3.3.3.1	CO Hydrogenation	34
				3.3.3.2	Olefin Reactions	35
Section 4 374kb	4.0	Characterization of Zeolite-Supported Ru Catalysts				37
		4.1	Chemical Composition and Structural Character of the Zeolites			37
		4.2	H₂ and CO Chemisorption			40
		4.3	Effect of Decomposition/Reduction Conditions			48
			4.3.1	Introduction		48
			4.3.2	Experimental		49
			4.3.3	Results and Discussion		50
			4.3.4	Conclusion		55
Section 5 451kb	5.0	Effect of Group IA Cations on CO Hydrogenation Over Ru/Y-Zeolites				58
		5.1	Introduction			58
		5.2	Experimental			59
		5.3	Results and Discussion			59
			5.3.1	Catalytic Activity		59
			5.3.2	Methane Selectivity and Chain Growth Probability		69
			5.3.3	Olefin Fraction		73
Section 6 288kb			5.3.4	Structural Isomerization		83
		5.4	Conclusions			85
	6.0	Secondary Reactions During CO Hydrogenation on Zeolite-Supported Metal Catalysts: Influence of Alkali Cations				87
		6.1	Introduction			87
		6.2	Experimental			89
			6.2.1	Materials		89
			6.2.2	Reaction Studies		89
		6.3	Results and Discussion			91
			6.3.1	CO Hydrogenation		91
			6.3.2	Olefin Reactions Over Alkali Y-Zeolites		96
Section 7 332kb			6.3.3	Olefin Reactions Over Partially-Exchanged HY-Zeolites		99
		6.4	Conclusion			116
Section 8 350kb	7.0	Secondary Reactions During CO Hydrogenation on Zeolite-Supported Metal Catalysts: Effect of Si/Al Ratio				118
		7.1	Introduction			118
		7.2	Experimental			119
			7.2.1	Materials		119
			7.2.2	Reaction Studies		119
		7.3	Results and Discussion			120
			7.3.1	Catalyst Activites for CO Hydrogenation		120
			7.3.2	Catalyst Selectivites in CO Hydrogenation		124
			7.3.3	Olefin Reactions on the Zeolites without Ru		134
			7.3.4	Deactivation Characteristics of H-mordenite and HY-zeolite		137
Section 9 178kb		7.4	Conclusion			141
	8.0	Summary				142
	Appendix A 258kb					147
	Appendix B 182kb					186
	Appendix C 56kb					197
	Bibliography 375kb					208