2737. POWER, H. H. Petroleum Substitutes: Past and Present Research, Development, and Economics. Petrol. Eng., vol. 18, No. 5, 1947, pp. 70, 72, 75, 78, 80, 82, 84.

Review of the literature on the production of liquid fuels from the hydrogenation of coal, from coal carbonization, from oil shale, from tar sands, and from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, with 25 refs. Special emphasis is placed on the economics of the various processes and the discussion on costs is summarized in the table given below.

Process	Est. reserves in U. S.		Size of plant, bbl. gaso- line per day	Total invest- ment, million dollars	Invest- ment cost per bbl. gasoline per day, dollars	Operating costs, including depreciation
Process	Bbl. oil, billion	Bbl. gasoline, billion	Size of plant, bbl. gaso- line per day	Total invest- ment, million dollars	Invest- ment cost per bbl. gasoline per day, dollars	Per bbl. oil, dollars	Per gal. gasoline, cents
Coal hydrogenation	-----------	3,100	1,750	50	28,500	----------	¹ 15.5-22.6
Coal carbonization	-----------	322	1,000	4	4,000	0.94	² 10
Oil shale	100	-----------	500-540	5.8-5.9	11,600-16,700	1.75-2.00	9.7-10.7
Tar sands	³ 275	-----------	3,000	8	2,670	.75	(Compete with gasoline from crude oil.)
Fischer-Tropsch:
European process using coal	-----------	4,000	6,000	45.6	7,600	-----------	¹ 19.2
European process using natural gas	-----------	15	6,000	28.5	4,750	-----------	⁴ 8.8
Future American process using coal	-----------	4,000	--------	----------	-----------	-----------	⁵ 6.0
Future American process using natural gas	-----------	15	6,000	20	3,330	-----------	⁴ 5.25

¹ Coal at $2.75 per ton.

² Coal at $1.55 per ton.

³ Total in Western Hemisphere.

⁴ Natural gas at $0.05 per M cu. ft.

⁵ Coal at $2.00 per ton.

PRANSCHKE, A. See abs. 2623.

PRATJE, W. See abs. 3052, 3053.